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Ribosome
Ribosome A cytoplasmic cellular structure, composed of ribonucleic acid and protein, that functions in the synthesis of protein. Ribosomes interact with messenger RNA and transfer RNA to join together amino acid units into a polypeptide chain according to the sequence determined by the genetic code.
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Protein
Any of a group of complex organic compounds which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur, the characteristic element being nitrogen. Proteins, the principal constituents of the protoplasm of all cells, are of high molecular weight and consist essentially of combinations of a-amino acids in peptide linkages. Twenty different amino acids are commonly found in proteins, and each protein has a unique genetically defined amino acid sequence which determines its specific shape and function. Their roles include enzymatic catalysis, transport and storage, coordinated motion, nerve impulse generation and many others.
Genetic
Hereditary. Having to do with the genes.
Code
The genetic code is the correspondence between the triplet of bases in DNA with the amino acids.
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Ribonucleic acid
RNA. The generic term for polynucleotides, similar to DNA but containing ribose in place of deoxyribose and uracil in place of thymine. These molecules are involved in the transfer of information from DNA, programming protein synthesis and maintaining ribosome structure. The 4 main types of RNA are heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
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Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)
A hereditary condition resulting in degeneration of the retina; causes a narrowing of the field of vision. The visual field loss often begins as a donut like ring in mid-periphery. As it progresses both centrally and peripherally, the resultant tunnel vision begins to affect the patient’s activities, driving and mobility.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease that is of unknown cause and is characterized by pain, stiffness, inflammation, swelling and sometimes destruction of joints.
Rigidity
Rigidity is an increased resistance to the passive movement of a limb.
Rickets
A disorder of childhood characterised by defective bone and mineralisation, where characteristic lower limb bowing or bending occurs. Other outward signs of rickets can be the so-called rachitic rosary on the ribs, and thickened wrists, as well as bossing of the forehead.
Rheumatic Fever
A serious inflammatory condition which follows Streptococcal pharyngitis. Acute rheumatic fever can destroy the heart valves or leave them vulnerable to scarring, thickening, calcification, and fusion of the leaflets later in life.
Ribosome
Radioisotope scan
Uses radioactive substances introduced into the body to create an image of the functioning adrenal gland.
Risk factors
Traits that make it more likely that a person will develop an illness.
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)
Wittmaack-Ekbom or restless legs syndrome is a disorder of the nervous system that affects sensation and movement in the legs and causes the limbs to feel uncomfortable. Relief can be temporarily gained by moving the legs which cause sufferers to seem fidgety and restless.
Retinoid
A natural or synthetic substance derived from vitamin A.
Rohypnol
Rohypnol (the trade name of flunitrazepam) is a sedative that was made in the early 1970's by Roche and was used in hospitals only for deep sedation. It was first released on the market in 1975 in tablet form in Europe. The tablet was then released in the early 1980's to other countries. It came in 5 mg, 2 mg, and 1 mg sizes, but due to its strength the higher doses were taken off the market and now it only comes in one strength: 1 mg. It is the strongest sleeping tablet to ever be made.
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