Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

PCR. A method for amplifying a DNA base sequence using a heat-stable polymerase and two 20-base primers, one complementary to the (+) strand at one end of the sequence to be amplified and one complementary to the (-) strand at the other end. Because the newly synthesized DNA strands can subsequently serve as additional templates for the same primer sequences, successive rounds of primer annealing, strand elongation, and dissociation produce rapid and highly specific amplification of the desired sequence. PCR also can be used to detect the existence of the defined sequence in a DNA sample.

RELATED TERMS
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PCR
see below for polymerase chain reaction.

Base
A chemical compound that either donates hydroxide ions or absorbs hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Bases and acids are referred to as opposites because the effect of an acid is to increase the hydronium ion concentration in water, whereas bases reduce this concentration. Arrhenius bases are water-soluble and always have a pH greater than 7 in solution.

Dissociation
disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment. The disturbance may be sudden or gradual, transient or chronic.

Amplification
"Making multiple copies of a gene or of any sequence of DNA. Repeated copying of a piece of DNA. In amplification there is an increase in the number of copies of any particular piece of DNA. Gene amplification plays a role in cancer cells. A tumor cell amplifies, or copies, DNA segments as a result of cell signals and sometimes environmental events. Amplification can occur in vivo (in the living individual) or in vitro (literally ""in glass"", or in a plastic vessel in the laboratory). "

SIMILAR TERMS
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Poly-pred
Poly-pred is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): neomycin sulfate; polymyxin b sulfate; prednisolone acetate.

Poly-rx
Poly-rx is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): polymyxin b sulfate.

Polyarthalgia
Pains in many joints - conventionally refers to more than 4 joints

Polyarthritis
Inflammation in many joints - conventionally refers to more than 4 joints.

Polycillin
Polycillin is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): ampicillin-ampicillin trihydrate.

Polycillin-n
Polycillin-n is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): ampicillin sodium.

Polycillin-prb
Polycillin-prb is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): ampicillin-ampicillin trihydrate; probenecid.

Polyclonal activator
A substance that induces activation of many individual clones of either T or B cells. See Mitogen.

Polycystic Kidney Disease
A rare inherited condition in which the kidney are composed of multiple cysts. Kidney cysts are associated with an increased incidence of cerebral aneurysm. Symptoms usually appear later (if they do at all) and include blood in the urine, flank pain, excessive urination at night and abdominal pain. Individuals may also have elevated blood pressure. Chronic (end-stage renal disease) renal failure is the most common result in the 5th to 6th decades of life.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
PCOS is a disorder in which the ovaries produce excessive amounts of male hormones (androgens) and develop many small cysts. Symptoms commonly include heavy, irregular or missed periods as well as acne, excessive hair growth on the face, obesity and infertility.

Polycystic ovary syndrome
Clinical symptom complex characterized by oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, anovulation, and regularly associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
A syndrome associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries and insulin resistance. Symptoms frequently include decreased menstrual flow, irregular menses, anovulation, and infertility.

Polycythemia
Abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells or hematocrit.

Polycythemia vera
Polycythemia vera is an abnormal increase in blood cells (primarily red blood cells) resulting from excess production by the bone marrow.

Polydactyly
Extra fingers or toes.

Polydipsia
Excessive thirst.

Polyhidrosis
Excessive sweating.

Polyiterophilia
A form of hyperphilia in which a person's own erotosexual responsiveness is built up toward orgasm by reiterating the same activity (manual, oral, anal, vaginal, or penile) many times with many partners.

Polymedic Hospital
The Polymedic Hospital is a hospital in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines.

Polymerase chain reaction
An in vitro method for enzymatically synthesizing and amplifying defined sequences of DNA in molecular biology. Can be used for improving DNA-based diagnostic procedures for identifying unknown BW agents.

Polymorphism
Literally, "having many shapes"; in genetics polymorphism means occurring in more than one form within a species; the existence of multiple alleles at a particular genetic locus.

Polymorphonuclear
Having nuclei of varied forms; denoting a variety of leukocyte.

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
White cell, granular cytoplasm. Neutral staining (neutrophil) - most frequent, phagocytic. Basophilic staining - basophil q.v. Eosinophilic staining - eosinophil q.v.

Polymox
Polymox is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): amoxicillin.

Polymyalgia rheumatica
Causes limb girdle pain and stiffness. Associated with a high ESR (usually > 40mm/h) and there may be giant cell arteritis in some patients. Mainly affects those of over 60 years of age.

Polymyositis
Inflammatory muscle disease (a connective tissue disease).

Polymyxin b sulfate
Polymyxin b sulfate is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): polymyxin b sulfate.

Polynucleotides
Long chains of nucleotides formed by chemical links between the sugar and phosphate groups.

Polyp
A growth that projects from the lining of mucous membrane, such as the intestine.

Polypectomy
Surgical removal of a polyp.

Polyphagia
Excessive hunger; may be a symptom of uncontrolled diabetes.

Polypoid
Resembling a polyp.

Polyposis
The presence of many polyps.

Polyps
An abnormal growth of a mucous membrane, often in the nasal passages, bladder, rectum, or uterus. Polyps, though often benign, have been associated with cancers and can be surgically removed.

Polysporin
Polysporin is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): bacitracin zinc; polymyxin b sulfate.

Polytrim
Polytrim is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): polymyxin b sulfate; trimethoprim sulfate.

Polyunsaturated fat
A type of fat found in vegetable oils and margarines that doesn't appear to raise blood cholesterol levels.

Polyunsaturated Fats
A type of fat that comes from vegetables.

Polyuria
Excessive, frequent urination.

PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS
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Puberty
A sequence of events by which a child becomes a young adult; characterized by secretions of hormones, development of secondary sexual characteristics, reproductive functions, and growth spurts.

Phenotype
The expression of the genes present in an individual. This may be directly observable (eye color) or apparent only with specific tests (blood type). Some phenotypes such as the blood groups are completely determined by heredity, while others are readily altered by environmental agents.

Polynucleotides
Long chains of nucleotides formed by chemical links between the sugar and phosphate groups.

Pyrimidine
A nitrogen-containing, double-ring, basic compound that occurs in nucleic acids. The pyrimidines in DNA are cytosine and thymine; in RNA, cytosine and uracil.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Putative father
Males alleged or reputed to be biological fathers of illegitimate children.

Pineal
The gland located within the brain that synthesizes melatonin.

Pituitary
The gland from which a number of hormones are released into the bloodstream. These hormones include growth hormone, ACTH, B-lipocortin (the precursor to B-endorphorin), FSH, LH, and TSH.

Progesterone
A hormone produced in response to luteinizing hormone (LH) released from the pituitary gland. It is required to flush out the uterus if an egg is not fertilized. It is also useful for stimulating the growth of new bone mass.

Progestins
Synthetic analogs of progesterone that have some of the properties of natural progesterone.

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This dictionary contains 25007 terms.

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polymerase chxin reaction (pcr) / polymerase chzin reaction (pcr) / polymerase chan reaction (pcr) / polymerase chaib reaction (pcr) / polymerase chaih reaction (pcr) / polymerase chaij reaction (pcr) / polymerase chaim reaction (pcr) / polymerase chai reaction (pcr) / polymerase chain 4eaction (pcr) / polymerase chain 5eaction (pcr) / polymerase chain teaction (pcr) / polymerase chain geaction (pcr) / polymerase chain feaction (pcr) / polymerase chain deaction (pcr) / polymerase chain eeaction (pcr) / polymerase chain 3eaction (pcr) / polymerase chain r3action (pcr) / polymerase chain r4action (pcr) / polymerase chain rraction (pcr) / polymerase chain rfaction (pcr) / polymerase chain rdaction (pcr) / polymerase chain rsaction (pcr) / polymerase chain rwaction (pcr) / polymerase chain reqction (pcr) / polymerase chain rewction (pcr) / polymerase chain resction (pcr) / polymerase chain rexction (pcr) / polymerase chain rezction (pcr) / polymerase chain reaxtion (pcr) / polymerase chain reastion (pcr) / polymerase chain readtion (pcr) / polymerase chain reaftion (pcr) / polymerase chain reavtion (pcr) / polymerase chain rea tion (pcr) / polymerase chain reac5ion (pcr) / polymerase chain reac6ion (pcr) / polymerase chain reacyion (pcr) / polymerase chain reachion (pcr) / polymerase chain reacgion (pcr) / polymerase chain reacfion (pcr) / polymerase chain reacrion (pcr) / polymerase chain reac4ion (pcr) / polymerase chain reacton (pcr) / polymerase chain reacti9n (pcr) / polymerase chain reacti0n (pcr) / polymerase chain reactipn (pcr) / polymerase chain reactiln (pcr) / polymerase chain reactikn (pcr) / polymerase chain reactiin (pcr) / polymerase chain reacti8n (pcr) / polymerase chain reactiob (pcr) / polymerase chain reactioh (pcr) / polymerase chain reactioj (pcr) / polymerase chain reactiom (pcr) / polymerase chain reactio (pcr) / polymerase chain reaction (0cr) / polymerase chain reaction (-cr) / polymerase chain reaction ([cr) / polymerase chain reaction (;cr) / polymerase chain reaction (lcr) / polymerase chain reaction (ocr) / polymerase chain reaction (9cr) / polymerase chain reaction (pxr) / polymerase chain reaction (psr) / polymerase chain reaction (pdr) / polymerase chain reaction (pfr) / polymerase chain reaction (pvr) / polymerase chain reaction (p r) / polymerase chain reaction (pc4) / polymerase chain reaction (pc5) / polymerase chain reaction (pct) / polymerase chain reaction (pcg) / polymerase chain reaction (pcf) / polymerase chain reaction (pcd) / polymerase chain reaction (pce) / polymerase chain reaction (pc3) /