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Papillary Muscles
Papillary Muscles Small muscles that are part of the inside walls of the ventricles and attach to the chordae tendineae.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Ventricles
The lower, pumping chambers of the heart. The heart has two ventricles - the right and left ventricle.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Papilla
A small nipple-shaped projection.
Papillary
Having small nipple-shaped projections.
Papillary stenosis
A condition in which the openings of the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts narrow.
Papilledema
Swelling of the optic disk. May be due to an increase of pressure in the skull.
Papilloma
The common wart; a benign tumor derived from epithelium. They are caused by papillomaviruses.
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Proliferative Retinopathy
A disease of the small blood vessels of the retina of the eye. |See also: Diabetic retinopathy.
Purified Insulins
Insulins with much less of the impure proinsulin. It is thought that the use of purified insulins may help avoid or reduce some of the problems of people with diabetes such as allergic reactions.
PARTIAL DENTURES
A partial denture replaces missing teeth so that the remaining teeth, oral tissues and cheeks have support. A partial denture also will allow the patient to chew and speak properly and smile with confidence. A partial denture, like a complete denture, is made out of acrylic but unlike a denture it also uses a metal framework that attaches to the remaining teeth by use of clasps or precision attachments, which attach to crowns and give a partial denture a tighter fit and a more natural look. A partial denture is fabricated by taking impressions after the necessary work has been done on the remaining natural teeth. A partial denture will be checked for any discomfort or pressure. If a partial denture does not fit properly, a clasp or tooth can break as an end result. A partial denture must be removed before proper brushing can be accomplished. The teeth, gums and partial denture must all be cared for by the patient. Like a complete denture, regular examinations by a hygienist and dentist are important to check the supporting teeth for decay and periodontal disease and to check the continuing fit and comfort of the partial denture. See also "Dentures."
PERIODONTAL SURGERY
Periodontal surgery is usually reserved for patients who have gum problems that cannot be addressed by more conservative treatment (See "Scaling and Root Planing"). One sign of periodontal problems is having excessively large pockets between the gum and the teeth (normal pocket depth is typically 3mm or less). Patients who have excessively deep pockets usually cannot keep these pockets free of the bacteria that causes gum disease and periodontal deterioration. There are various surgical techniques that a dentist or periodontist can use to reach the affected area and treat the disease. Surgery may consist of lifting the gum away so the plaque and bacteria can be more easily removed, the roots are scaled smooth and then the gum is laid back down in a position that should make it easier to clean. Sometimes surgery involves bone grafting and the use of membranes to help stabilize and make mobile teeth firm in the bone again. If there is extensive gum loss a gingival (gum) graft may be used from tissue elsewhere in the mouth. After surgery, a periodontal pack is placed over the surgical area and the tissues are allowed to heal. Antibiotics and a mild pain reliever may also be used to help combat infection and reduce swelling. After surgery, a program of good oral hygiene and proper home care will be established for the patient to help maintain the new healthy smile. Patient recall appointments with the hygienist will also be made in shorter intervals. In recent years some periodontal surgery has been performed with the use of soft tissue lasers (See "Lasers").
Palliative Care
Medical treatments intended to control suffering and discomfort (such as pain medication or treatment of an infection). These treatments will not cure the patient.
Papillary Muscles
Parietal Pericardium
The fibrous outer layer of the pericardium
Patency Rate
The likelihood that a vessel will remain open.
Patient Service Representative
Members of this department can address or direct questions concerning hospital policies and procedures, secure patient valuables and belongings, and provide notary service.
Penile Pulse Volume Recording
A procedure that tests the blood flow to the penis.
Pericardial Cavity
The space between the epicardium and the outer layer of the pericardium. The cavity is normally filled with a small amount of clear fluid that reduces the friction between the two membranes.
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