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Non-insulin-dependent diabetes
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes A condition in which the body either makes too little insulin or cannot properly use the insulin it makes to convert blood glucose to energy. Type 2 diabetes may be controlled with diet, exercise, and weight loss, or may require oral medications and/or insulin injections.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Condition
The term "condition" has a number of biomedical meanings including the following: 1.An unhealthy state, such as in "this is a progressive condition." 2.A state of fitness, such as "getting into condition." 3.Something that is essential to the occurrence of something else; essentially a "precondition." 4.As a verb: to cause a change in something so that a response that was previously associated with a certain stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus; to condition a person, as in behavioral conditioning.
Insulin
The hormone that drives incoming nutrients into cells for storage. Excess insulin is the primary pillar of aging.
Blood
The life-maintaining fluid which is made up of plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets; blood circulates through the body's heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries; it carries away waste matter and carbon dioxide, and brings nourishment, electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, antibodies, heat, and oxygen to the tissues.
Glucose
The only simple carbohydrate that circulates in the bloodstream. Glucose is the primary fuel used by the brain. It can also be stored in the liver and muscles in a polymer form known as glycogen.
Diabetes
A condition in which blood glucose is not well controlled. Type I diabetics make no insulin, whereas type 2 diabetics are characterized by the overproduction of insulin, but the inability of the target cells to respond to the insulin.
Diet
In nutrition, the diet is the sum of the food consumed by a body. Proper nutrition for a human requires vitamins, minerals, proteins, and fuel in the form of carbohydrates and fats. Imbalances between the consumed fuels and expended energy results in either starvation or excessive reserves of adipose tissue, or body fat
Oral
Of or involving the mouth or mouth region or the surface on which the mouth is located.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Non-inferiority trial
A trial with the primary objective of showing that the response to the investigational product is not clinically inferior to a comparative agent (active or placebo control). See also equivalence trial.
Non-invasive procedures
A diagnostic effort or treatment that does not require entering the body or puncturing the skin.
Non-Q-wave MI
A MI or heart attack that does not cause changes on the electrocardiogram (ECG) however, chemical markers in the blood indicate that damage has occurred to the heart muscle. In non-Q-wave MI, a clot may block the coronary artery for a period of time, and then break up by itself or collateral circulation may help to restore blood flow to the area of ischemia (lack of blood supply). The size of damage is fairly small; therefore, overall function of the heart is usually maintained.
Non-stress test
A test for abnormalities of the fetal heartbeat in which a monitor is used to listen to the fetus's heart while the mother is at rest. (In a stress test, the fetal heartbeat is monitored in response to uterine contractions.)
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Nephrology
The medical specialty which focuses on the treatment of disorders of the kidneys.
Nearsightedness
Focusing defect in which the eye is overpowered. Light rays coming from a distant object are brought to focus before reaching the retina. Requires a minus lens correction to "weaken" the eye optically and permit clear distance vision.
Nystagmus
Nystagmus is a rhythmic, repetitive, oscillatory eye movement. It may occur as a result of vestibular problems, as a result of visual problems, or as a result of certain brain stem or cerebellar abnormalities. Vestibular Nystagmus is characterized by a slow migration of the eyes in the wrong direction, followed by a sudden jerking back response.
Norepinephrine
A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that also acts as a neurotransmitter for nerve cells. Part of the fight-or-flight response.
Neurotransmitter
Specialized chemical messenger (eg, acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin) that sends a message from one nerve cell to another. Most neurotransmitters play different roles throughout the body, many of which are not yet known.
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes
Nutrients
Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals provided by food and necessary for growth and the maintenance of life.
Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder of sleep regulation that affects the control of sleep and wakefulness. The four classic symptoms are excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations.
Natural Medicine
A term used to describe the philosophy of the particular alternative systems that emphasize Vis Medicatrix Naturae, "the healing power of nature." The therapeutic emphasis is on supporting or stimulating the organism’s self-healing processes, rather than treating the symptoms or the disease. The "healing power" of nature is found in the innate homeostatic and healing systems of the body and mind of the living organism, not in the natural medicinal substance or therapy. This is also sometimes call "vitalistic" medicine.
Nuclear Medicine
Imaging technique where small amounts of radioactive substances (radio-isotopes) are injected into a patient to trace disease processes. Sometimes the radioactive substance may concentrate directly in an organ/tissue, but in most cases it has to be attached to a carrier molecule with a "preference" for a certain tissue or disease process. The concentrated radioactivity may be detected by a so-called gamma camera as typical "hot spots".
Norco
Hydrocodone (chemical synonym: dihydrocodeinone; trade names: Vicodin, Anexsia, Dicodid, Hycodan, Hycomine, Lorcet, Lortab, Norco, Tussionex) is an opioid derived from either of the natural occuring opiates -- codeine or thebaine. Hydrocodone is an orally active analgesic and antitussive Schedule II narcotic which is marketed in multi-ingredient Schedule III products. The therapeutic dose of 5 mg to 10 mg is pharmacologically equivalent to 30 to 60 mg of oral codeine.
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