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Monoclonal
Monoclonal Literally, coming from a single clone. A clone is the progeny of a single cell. In immunology, monoclonal generally describes a preparation of antibody that is monogenous, or cells of a single specificity.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Clone
1) An exact genetic replica of a DNA molecule, cell, tissue, organ, or entire plant or animal. 2) An organism that has the same nuclear genome as another organism.
Progeny
Children.
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
Immunology
The study of the body's natural defense system.
Monoclonal
Literally, coming from a single clone. A clone is the progeny of a single cell. In immunology, monoclonal generally describes a preparation of antibody that is monogenous, or cells of a single specificity.
Antibody
An infection-fighting protein molecule in blood or secretory fluids that tags, neutralizes, and helps destroy pathogenic microorganisms (eg, bacteria, viruses) or toxins. Antibodies, known generally as immunoglobulins, are made and secreted by B-lymphocytes in response to stimulation by antigens. Each specific antibody binds only to the specific antigen that stimulated its production.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Mono-diet (monophagic diet)
Any regimen characterized by|(a) restriction of food intake to one specific kind of food, or (b) restriction of each meal to one specific kind of food (e.g., porridge alone for breakfast, fruits alone for lunch, and meat alone for dinner).
Monoamine oxidase
MAO. An enzyme that breaks down dopamine. There are two types of MAO "A" and "B." In Parkinson's disease, it is beneficial to block the activity of MAO B.
Monochromat
An individual with only one spectral channel (i.e. retina receptors have the same spectral sensitivity).
Monocid
Monocid is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): cefonicid sodium.
Monoclonal antibodies
Very pure antibodies produced artificially. Normally used in laboratory tests but have been used experimentally for treatment of some diseases.
Monoclonal antibodies (MAB)
A biological response modifier with unique "homing device" properties. Chemicals or radiation tagged to the MAB may be delivered directly to tumor cells. Or, the MAB itself may be capable of tumor cell destruction.
Monocular depth cues
Relative size, texture gradients, perspective, shadow, height of retina image, interposition, motion parallax.
Monocular vision
A condition in which one eye is blind, or in which one eye refuses to register images in co-ordination with the better eye.
Monocular zone
The areas of the visual field from which light projects only to one of the eyes. See also Binocular Zone.
Monocyte
Large circulating white cell, 2-10% of total white cells, phagocytic, indented nucleus. Migrates to tissues, where it is known as a macrophage.
Monodox
Monodox is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): doxycycline.
Monogalia General Hospital
Monogalia General Hospital is a hospital in Morgantown, West Virginia (USA).
Monoket
Monoket is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): isosorbide mononitrate.
Monokines
Soluble substances secreted by monocytes, which have a variety of effects on other cells.
Monomorphism
Having not male and female, but only one sexual form or manifestation in a species as, for example, in those species of lizard that reproduce by parthenogenesis.
Mononeuropathy
A form of diabetic neuropathy affecting a single nerve. The eye is a common site for this form of nerve damage.|See also: Neuropathy.
Monongahela Valley Hospital
The Monongahela Valley Hospital is a hospital in Monongahela, Pennsylvania, United States.
Monongalia General Hospital
The Monongalia General Hospital is a hospital in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, United States.
Mononucleosis
A viral illness characterized by severe fatigue, swollen glands, sore throat, and fever.
Monoploid
A cell having only one chromosome set (usually as an aberration) or an organism composed of such cells.
Monopril
Monopril is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): fosinopril sodium.
Monopril-hct
Monopril-hct is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): fosinopril sodium; hydrochlorothiazide.
Monoptic stimulation
When only one eye views an image (the other eye being closed or occluded). See also Binoptic Stimulation and Dichoptic Stimulation.
Monosexual
Characterized by either exclusively heterosexual or exclusively homosexual contacts either in genital acts or as a long-term sexuoerotic status.
Monounsaturated Fat
A fat composed mostly of monounsaturated fatty acids.
Monounsaturated fats
Dietary fats, such as olive oil or canola oil, that don't seem to have any affect on blood cholesterol.
Monozygotic twins
Twins derived from one egg and one sperm (often called identical twins).
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MHC restriction
The ability of T lymphocytes to respond only when they 'see' the appropriate antigen in association with "self" MHC class I or class II proteins on the antigen presenting cells.
Migration inhibition factor (MIF)
A lymphokine that inhibits the motility of macrophages in culture.
Minor histocompatibility antigens
These antigens, encoded outside the MHC, are numerous, but do not generate rapid graft rejection or primary responses of T cells in vitro. They do not serve as restricting elements in cell interactions.
Mitogen
A substance that stimulates the proliferation of many different clones of lymphocytes.
Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR)
When lymphocytes from two individuals are cultured together, a proliferative response is generally observed, as the result of reactions of T cells of one individual to MHC antigens on the other individual's cells.
Monoclonal
Monocyte
Large circulating white cell, 2-10% of total white cells, phagocytic, indented nucleus. Migrates to tissues, where it is known as a macrophage.
Monokines
Soluble substances secreted by monocytes, which have a variety of effects on other cells.
Myeloma
A tumour of plasma cells, generally secreting a single species of immunoglobulin.
Male hermaphroditism
A generic term applied to several different syndromes of birth-defective ambiguity of the sex organs occurring in the 46,XY gonadal male. The defect is induced in fetal life by a deficiency of hormonal masculinization secondary to either the quantity or type of male hormone available, or to insensitivity of the tissues to male hormone.
Manic-depressive cyclicity
In manic-depressive illness, the repeated sequence of a period of being high (manic) followed by one of being low (depressive).
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