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Islet Cell Transplantation
Islet Cell Transplantation Moving the beta (islet) cells from a donor pancreas and putting them into a person whose pancreas has stopped producing insulin. The beta cells make the insulin that the body needs to use glucose (sugar) for energy. Although transplanting islet cells may one day help people with diabetes, the procedure is still in the research stage. Transplantation of the pancreas itself is surgically feasible, and is sometimes advised for some patients. |See also: Pancreas Transplant.
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Donor
A person who gives an organ, tissue or blood to another person. A compatible donor is a person who has the same tissue and blood types as the person who receives the organ, tissue or blood.
Pancreas
A large, elongated gland located behind the lower portion of the stomach that secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon into the blood. These hormones are essential in regulating blood sugar levels. The pancreas also secretes enzymes into the small intestine that help with digestion and neutralize acid from the stomach.
Insulin
The hormone that drives incoming nutrients into cells for storage. Excess insulin is the primary pillar of aging.
Glucose
The only simple carbohydrate that circulates in the bloodstream. Glucose is the primary fuel used by the brain. It can also be stored in the liver and muscles in a polymer form known as glycogen.
Diabetes
A condition in which blood glucose is not well controlled. Type I diabetics make no insulin, whereas type 2 diabetics are characterized by the overproduction of insulin, but the inability of the target cells to respond to the insulin.
Transplantation
To transfer (tissue or an organ) from one body or body part to another.
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Isle of Man doctor
A doctor who, being or not a citizen of that country, has been admitted to practice medicine in the Isle of Man.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Intermittent Claudication
Pain in the muscles of the leg that occurs off and on, usually while walking or exercising, and results in lameness (claudication). The pain results from a narrowing of the blood vessels feeding the muscle. Drugs are available to treat this condition.
Intensive Management
A form of treatment for insulin-dependent diabetes in which the main objective is to keep blood glucose (sugar) levels as close to the normal range as possible. The treatment consists of three or more insulin injections a day or use of an insulin pump; four or more blood glucose tests a day; adjustment of insulin, food intake, and activity levels based on blood glucose test results; dietary counseling; and management by a diabetes team.
Intramuscular Injection
Putting a fluid into a muscle with a needle and syringe.
Intravenous Injection
Putting a fluid into a vein with a needle and syringe.
IAA antiinsulin
GAD65 anti glutamic acid decarboxylase |ICA512 a specific islet cell antibody |EMA antiendomyseal antibodies (a test for celiac synmdrome, another autoimmune disorder occurring in 5% of new-onset Type 1 diabetes)
Islet Cell Transplantation
IMPLANTS
Dental Implants are titanium inserts that are surgically placed into the jawbone by an oral surgeon or a periodontist, and then allowed to integrate into the bone. This process may take up to six months. The implants then can be restored with a post and an artificial tooth that is either screwed into the implant or cemented onto the implant. Implants are more costly than crowns, dentures or bridges and are appropriate only for patients who demonstrate good oral hygiene. Implants enable the dentist to provide the patient with artificial teeth that look and function much more like natural teeth and are as secure as natural teeth. Implants also may be attached to a denture to allow denture wearers a more secure and functional option. Patients must follow the proper home care instructions and visit the dentist at the recommended intervals or the implants can fail or fracture. There are no strict age limitations as to who can receive implants; in fact, implants have been placed on children, adults and the elderly.
INLAYS/ONLAYS
Inlays and onlays are more permanent types of restorations similar in longevity to crowns. A more conservative tooth preparation is done which allows a tooth to maintain more of its original characteristics. A mold is made with a special plaster and from that model the inlay or onlay is custom made. Inlays and onlays can be fabricated from gold, porcelain or a composite resin. The inlay or onlay is then cemented or bonded into place to give the tooth superior support. An inlay differs from an onlay in that the onlay material covers one or more cusps of a tooth and generally is a better choice if the tooth has a fracture.
IHSS
Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis is another term used synonymously with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
Iliac Veins
The two principal veins returning blood from the lower part of the body. The iliac veins eventually join to form the inferior vena cava.
Immunosuppression
The artificial suppression of the immune response, usually through drugs, so that the body will not reject a transplanted organ or tissue. Drugs commonly used to suppress the immune system after transplant include prednisone, azathioprine (Imuran), mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept), and cyclosporine (Neoral).
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