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Insulin Antagonist
Insulin Antagonist Something that opposes or fights the action of insulin. Insulin lowers the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood, whereas glucagon raises it; therefore, glucagon is an antagonist of insulin.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Insulin
The hormone that drives incoming nutrients into cells for storage. Excess insulin is the primary pillar of aging.
Glucose
The only simple carbohydrate that circulates in the bloodstream. Glucose is the primary fuel used by the brain. It can also be stored in the liver and muscles in a polymer form known as glycogen.
Blood
The life-maintaining fluid which is made up of plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets; blood circulates through the body's heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries; it carries away waste matter and carbon dioxide, and brings nourishment, electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, antibodies, heat, and oxygen to the tissues.
Glucagon
The hormone from the pancreas that causes the release of stored carbohydrate in the liver to restore blood glucose levels. Glucagon uses the second messenger cyclic AMP to exert its biological action.
Antagonist
"In biochemistry, an antagonist acts against and blocks an action. For example, insulin lowers the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood, whereas another hormone called glucagon raises it; therefore, insulin and glucagon are antagonists. An antagonist is the opposite of an agonist which stimulates an action. Antagonists and agonists are key players in pharmacology and in the chemistry of the human body."
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Insulatard nph human
Insulatard nph human is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): insulin susp isophane semisynthetic purified human.
Insulin
The hormone that drives incoming nutrients into cells for storage. Excess insulin is the primary pillar of aging.
Insulin Analog
A synthetic modification of insulin where specific amino acids have been substituted for the natural ones at one or more places on the insulin molecule. As of August 2005, there are three insulin analogs on the US market: insulin lispro (Humalog), insulin aspart (Novolog/NovoRapid), insulin glargine (Lantus (insulin glargine). More are in development and should be available soon.
Insulin Binding
When insulin attaches itself to something else. This can occur in two ways. First, when a cell needs energy, insulin can bind with the outer part of the cell. The cell then can bring glucose (sugar) inside and use it for energy. With the help of insulin, the cell can do its work very well and very quickly. But sometimes the body acts against itself. In this second case, the insulin binds with the proteins that are supposed to protect the body from outside substances (antibodies). If the insulin is an injected form of insulin and not made by the body, the body sees the insulin as an outside or "foreign" substance. When the injected insulin binds with the antibodies, it does not work as well as when it binds directly to the cell.
Insulin insulatard nph nordisk
Insulin insulatard nph nordisk is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): insulin susp isophane purified pork.
Insulin Lispro
See Lispro Insulin
Insulin nordisk mixtard pork
Insulin nordisk mixtard pork is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): insulin purified pork; insulin susp isophane purified pork.
Insulin Pen
An insulin injection device the size of a pen that includes a needle and holds a vial of insulin. It can be used instead of syringes for giving insulin injections.
Insulin Pump
A device that delivers a continuous supply of short-acting insulin into the body. The insulin flows from the pump through a plastic tube (called a catheter) that is connected to a needle inserted into the skin and taped in place.
Insulin Reaction
Too low a level of glucose (sugar) in the blood; also called hypoglycemia. This occurs when a person with diabetes has injected too much insulin, eaten too little food, or exercised without extra food. The person may feel hungry, nauseated, weak, nervous, shaky, confused, and sweaty. Taking small amounts of sugar, sweet juice, or food with sugar will usually help the person feel better within 10-15 minutes.
Insulin Receptors
Areas on the outer part of a cell that allow the cell to join or bind with insulin that is in the blood. When the cell and insulin bind together, the cell can take glucose (sugar) from the blood and use it for energy.
Insulin Resistance
A condition in which the cells no longer respond adequately to insulin. As a result, the body secretes more insulin into the bloodstream in an effort to reduce blood glucose levels.
Insulin Sensitizer
Any of several diabetes medications that reduce insulin resistance. Examples include metformin (Glucophage) and the thiazolidinediones (or "glitazones") rosiglitazone (Avandia) and pioglitazone (Actos).
Insulin Shock
A term no longer used. See Hypoglycemia; insulin reaction.
Insulin-dependent diabetes
A condition in which the body's immune system destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Insulin allows glucose to enter the cells of the body to provide energy. Persons with type 1 diabetes must take daily insulin injections.
Insulin-Induced Atrophy
Small dents that form on the skin when a person keeps injecting a needle in the same spot. They are harmless. |See also: Lipoatrophy; injection site rotation.
Insulin-Induced Hypertrophy
Small lumps that form under the skin when a person keeps injecting a needle in the same spot. |See also: Lipodystrophy; injection site rotation.
Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)
The hormone released from the liver in response to growth hormone. IGF-1 is the hormone responsible for building muscle.
Insulinoma
A tumor of the beta cells in areas of the pancreas called the islets of Langerhans. Although not usually cancerous, such tumors may cause the body to make extra insulin and may lead to a blood glucose (sugar) level that is too low.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Implantable Insulin Pump
A small pump placed inside of the body that delivers insulin in response to commands from a hand-held device called a programmer.
Ingestion
Taking food, water, or medicine into the body by mouth.
Injection Sites
Places on the body where people can inject insulin most easily. These are:
Injection Site Rotation
Changing the places on the body where a person injects insulin. Changing the injection site keeps lumps or small dents from forming in the skin. These lumps or dents are called lipodystrophies. However, people should try to use the same body area for injections that are given at the same time each day-for example, always using the stomach for the morning injection or an arm for the evening injection. Using the same body area for these routine injections lessens the possibility of changes in the timing and action of insulin.
Insulin Analog
A synthetic modification of insulin where specific amino acids have been substituted for the natural ones at one or more places on the insulin molecule. As of August 2005, there are three insulin analogs on the US market: insulin lispro (Humalog), insulin aspart (Novolog/NovoRapid), insulin glargine (Lantus (insulin glargine). More are in development and should be available soon.
Insulin Antagonist
Insulin Binding
When insulin attaches itself to something else. This can occur in two ways. First, when a cell needs energy, insulin can bind with the outer part of the cell. The cell then can bring glucose (sugar) inside and use it for energy. With the help of insulin, the cell can do its work very well and very quickly. But sometimes the body acts against itself. In this second case, the insulin binds with the proteins that are supposed to protect the body from outside substances (antibodies). If the insulin is an injected form of insulin and not made by the body, the body sees the insulin as an outside or "foreign" substance. When the injected insulin binds with the antibodies, it does not work as well as when it binds directly to the cell.
Insulin-Induced Atrophy
Small dents that form on the skin when a person keeps injecting a needle in the same spot. They are harmless. |See also: Lipoatrophy; injection site rotation.
Insulin-Induced Hypertrophy
Small lumps that form under the skin when a person keeps injecting a needle in the same spot. |See also: Lipodystrophy; injection site rotation.
Insulin Lispro
See Lispro Insulin
Insulin Pen
An insulin injection device the size of a pen that includes a needle and holds a vial of insulin. It can be used instead of syringes for giving insulin injections.
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