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Infectious disease
Infectious disease Disease caused by microbes that can be passed to or among humans. It occurs when cells or molecules in a person's body stop working properly, causing symptoms of illness. Many things can make someone more susceptible to disease, including altered genes, chemicals, aging, and infections.
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Disease
Illness or sickness often characterized by typical patient problems (symptoms) and physical findings (signs). Disruption sequence: The events that occur when a fetus that is developing normally is subjected to a destructive agent such as the rubella (German measles) virus.
Genes
Basic, functional units of heredity, each occupying a specific place on a chromosome.
Aging
The process of becoming older, a process that is genetically determined and environmentally modulated.
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Infection
Anything that invades the body and reproduces. Infections can be bacteria, protozoa, fungi, or viruses. Bacteria and fungi are one celled creatures that cause many infections including strep throat, bladder infections, and some lung infections. Fungi cause “athlete’s foot” and thrush, an infection in the mouth. Protozoa are small organisms with many cells that can cause infections in the guts or in the lungs. Most healthy people do not get protozoal infections, but people with suppressed immune systems can. Viruses are not really organisms; they are tiny particles that can live only inside another cell. They reproduce by taking over a cell and causing that cell to make more virus particles, rather than doing what the cell is supposed to do. Viruses cause most colds and flu cases.
Infectious Disease Team
A team of physicians and nurses who help control the hospital environment to protect you against harmful sources of infection.
Infed
Infed is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): iron dextran.
Infergen
Infergen is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): interferon alfacon-1.
Inferior
The anatomical term for "below". i.e. the neck is inferior to the head. Typically used in humans only. See Cranial/Caudal/Superior.
Inferior temporal cortex (IT)
Participates mainly in the acts of noticing and remembering an object's qualities. Cells do not have a retinotopic organization. Very large receptive fields. Virtually every cell's receptive field includes the foveal region. Receives input from V4. Some cells show a preferential response to such stimuli as hands or faces.
Inferior vena cava
The large blood vessel (vein) that returns blood from the legs and abdomen to the heart.
Infertility
The diminished or absent ability to conceive or produce an offspring while sterility is the complete inability to conceive or produce an offspring.
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Insulin Resistance
A condition in which the cells no longer respond adequately to insulin. As a result, the body secretes more insulin into the bloodstream in an effort to reduce blood glucose levels.
Interstitial space
The space between the endothelial cells and target cells, such as the liver or the smooth muscle cells that line the vascular bed.
IVF
(in vitro fertilization) A method of assisted reproduction that involves combining an egg with sperm in a laboratory dish. If the egg fertilizes and begins cell division, the resulting embryo is transferred into the woman's uterus where it will hopefully implant in the uterine lining and further develop. IVF may be performed in conjunction with medications that stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs in order to increase the chances of successful fertilization and implantation. IVF bypasses the fallopian tubes and is often the treatment choice for women who have badly damaged or absent tubes.
In vitro fertilization
IVF. A method of assisted reproduction that involves combining an egg with sperm in a laboratory dish. If the egg fertilizes and begins cell division, the resulting embryo is transferred into the woman's uterus where it will hopefully implant in the uterine lining and further develop. IVF may be performed in conjunction with medications that stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs in order to increase the chances of successful fertilization and implantation. IVF bypasses the fallopian tubes and is often the treatment choice for women who have badly damaged or absent tubes.
Identical twins
Two offsprings born at the same time who look exactly alike. Identical twins are also called monozygotic twins because they develop from the same egg: a single fertilised egg splits early in development and becomes two separate fetuses.
Infectious disease
Iron deficiency anemia
A type of hypochromic microcytic anemia caused by low or absent iron stores and serum iron concentration; there is elevated free erythrocyte porphyrin, low transferrin saturation, elevated transferrin, low serum ferritin, and low hemoglobin concentration. Symptoms may include pallor, angular stomatitis and other oral lesions, gastrointestinal complaints, retinal hemorrhages and exudates, and thinning and brittleness of the nails, occasionally leading to spoon nails.
Insulin-dependent diabetes
A condition in which the body's immune system destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Insulin allows glucose to enter the cells of the body to provide energy. Persons with type 1 diabetes must take daily insulin injections.
Intravenous
Introducing a fluid into the bloodstream through a vein (usually in the patient's forearm).
Isthmus
A tissue that connects the two lobes of the thyroid.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
A disorder of the intestine that affects motility and causes abdominal pain, bloating and irregular bowel movements (constipation and / or diarrhoea). Used to be known in the past as spastic colon or colitis and irritable colon. It should not be confused with irritable bowel disease but can be seen simultaneously with IBD.
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