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Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids Enlarged veins protruding into the anorectal area, either internal or externally visible. They are either the result of poor sphincter tone and portal congestion, or sphincter hypertonicity, skeletal muscle and adrenergic excess.
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Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood from the arms, legs, head and body organs back to the heart.
Sphincter
A ring-like band of muscle that opens and closes an opening in the body. An example is the muscle between the esophagus and the stomach known as the lower esophageal sphincter.
Muscle
Tissue made up of bundles of long, slender cells that contract when stimulated.
Adrenergic
This refers to neuronal or neurologic activity caused by neurotransmitters such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
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Hemochromatosis
A disorder due to the deposition of hemosiderin in the parenchymal cells, causing tissue damage and dysfunction of the liver, pancreas, heart, and pituitary. Full development of the disease in women is restricted by menstruation, pregnancy, and lower dietary intake of iron. Acquired hemochromatosis may be the result of blood transfusions, excessive dietary iron, or secondary to other disease. Idiopathic or genetic hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder of metabolism associated with a gene tightly linked to the A locus of the HLA complex on chromosome 6.
Hemodialysis
A mechanical method of cleaning the blood for people who have kidney disease. See also: Dialysis.
Hemodynamic
Relating to the physical aspects of the blood circulation.
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is a substance contained within the red blood cells and is responsible for their color. It has the unique property of combining reversibly with oxygen and is the medium by which oxygen is transported within the body. It takes up oxygen as blood passes through the lungs and releases it as blood passes through the tissues.
Hemolysis
The destruction of red blood cells.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Also called Rh disease or erythroblastosis, hemolytic disease results when a woman who is Rh-negative (meaning she does not carry the Rh protein in her blood) has a fetus who is Rh-positive and her immune system makes antibodies against the fetus's blood. The disorder is treated with a compound that prevents the woman's immune system from making antibodies.
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia occurring with acute renal failure.
Hemophilia
A genetic blood disorder, almost always in males, in which blood does not clot properly as a result of an enzyme deficiency.
Hemopoietic
Pertaining to or related to the formation of blood cells.
Hemoptysis
A cough that produces blood.
Hemorrhage
A general term for loss of blood, often profuse, brought about by injury to the blood vessels or by a deficiency of certain necessary blood elements such as platelets.
Hemorrhaging
Heavy bleeding. A cerebral hemorrhage can lead to a stroke.
Hemorrhoid
Caused by increased blood volume and pressure from the uterus on the veinsin the legs and pelvis, these swollen blood vessels in the anus are commonduring pregnancy. Constipation can also cause (or compound) the problem.
Hemorrhoidectomy
An operation to remove hemorrhoids.
Hemostasis
Arrest of blood circulation.
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Haloperidol
An antipsychotic substance.
Hemochromatosis
A disorder due to the deposition of hemosiderin in the parenchymal cells, causing tissue damage and dysfunction of the liver, pancreas, heart, and pituitary. Full development of the disease in women is restricted by menstruation, pregnancy, and lower dietary intake of iron. Acquired hemochromatosis may be the result of blood transfusions, excessive dietary iron, or secondary to other disease. Idiopathic or genetic hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder of metabolism associated with a gene tightly linked to the A locus of the HLA complex on chromosome 6.
Head injury
Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures. Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.
Heartburn
Substernal pain or burning sensation, usually associated with regurgitation of gastric juice into the esophagus.
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. Species of lentivirus, subgenus primate lentiviruses (lentiviruses, primate), formerly designated T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). It is acknowledged to be the agent responsible for the acute infectious manifestations, neurologic disorders, and immunologic abnormalities linked to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Hemorrhoids
HLA complex
See 'Major histocompatibility complex'.
H-2 complex
The major histocompatibility complex situated on chromosome 17 of the mouse; contains subregions K, I and D.
Haplotype
A particular combination of closely linked genes on a chromosome inherited from one patient.
Hapten
A compound, usually of low molecular weight, that is not itself immunogenic but that, after conjugation to a carrier protein or cells, becomes immunogenic and induces antibody, which can bind the hapten alone in the absence of carrier.
Heavy chain
The larger of the two types of chains that comprise a normal immunoglobulin or antibody molecule.
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