Hemolytic disease of the newborn

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Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Also called Rh disease or erythroblastosis, hemolytic disease results when a woman who is Rh-negative (meaning she does not carry the Rh protein in her blood) has a fetus who is Rh-positive and her immune system makes antibodies against the fetus's blood. The disorder is treated with a compound that prevents the woman's immune system from making antibodies.

RELATED TERMS
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Disease
Illness or sickness often characterized by typical patient problems (symptoms) and physical findings (signs). Disruption sequence: The events that occur when a fetus that is developing normally is subjected to a destructive agent such as the rubella (German measles) virus.

Protein
Any of a group of complex organic compounds which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur, the characteristic element being nitrogen. Proteins, the principal constituents of the protoplasm of all cells, are of high molecular weight and consist essentially of combinations of a-amino acids in peptide linkages. Twenty different amino acids are commonly found in proteins, and each protein has a unique genetically defined amino acid sequence which determines its specific shape and function. Their roles include enzymatic catalysis, transport and storage, coordinated motion, nerve impulse generation and many others.

Fetus
The stage of human development from 10 weeks' gestation until birth.

Immune
Resistant to a particular disease.

Antibodies
Proteins produced by white blood cells. They confer immunity.

Blood
The life-maintaining fluid which is made up of plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets; blood circulates through the body's heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries; it carries away waste matter and carbon dioxide, and brings nourishment, electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, antibodies, heat, and oxygen to the tissues.

SIMILAR TERMS
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Hemochromatosis
A disorder due to the deposition of hemosiderin in the parenchymal cells, causing tissue damage and dysfunction of the liver, pancreas, heart, and pituitary. Full development of the disease in women is restricted by menstruation, pregnancy, and lower dietary intake of iron. Acquired hemochromatosis may be the result of blood transfusions, excessive dietary iron, or secondary to other disease. Idiopathic or genetic hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder of metabolism associated with a gene tightly linked to the A locus of the HLA complex on chromosome 6.

Hemodialysis
A mechanical method of cleaning the blood for people who have kidney disease. See also: Dialysis.

Hemodynamic
Relating to the physical aspects of the blood circulation.

Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is a substance contained within the red blood cells and is responsible for their color. It has the unique property of combining reversibly with oxygen and is the medium by which oxygen is transported within the body. It takes up oxygen as blood passes through the lungs and releases it as blood passes through the tissues.

Hemolysis
The destruction of red blood cells.

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia occurring with acute renal failure.

Hemophilia
A genetic blood disorder, almost always in males, in which blood does not clot properly as a result of an enzyme deficiency.

Hemopoietic
Pertaining to or related to the formation of blood cells.

Hemoptysis
A cough that produces blood.

Hemorrhage
A general term for loss of blood, often profuse, brought about by injury to the blood vessels or by a deficiency of certain necessary blood elements such as platelets.

Hemorrhaging
Heavy bleeding. A cerebral hemorrhage can lead to a stroke.

Hemorrhoid
Caused by increased blood volume and pressure from the uterus on the veinsin the legs and pelvis, these swollen blood vessels in the anus are commonduring pregnancy. Constipation can also cause (or compound) the problem.

Hemorrhoidectomy
An operation to remove hemorrhoids.

Hemorrhoids
Enlarged veins protruding into the anorectal area, either internal or externally visible. They are either the result of poor sphincter tone and portal congestion, or sphincter hypertonicity, skeletal muscle and adrenergic excess.

Hemostasis
Arrest of blood circulation.

PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS
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Hysteroscope
Visual examination of the canal of the cervix and the interior of the uterus using a viewing instrument (hysteroscope) inserted through the vagina.

Hyposensitisation
See specific allergy vaccination.

Hematopoietic stem cell
A stem cell from which all red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets develop.

Heteroplasmy
An atypical condition characterized by the presence of more than one type of mitochondrial DNA in a single individual. Normally, each individual has only one type of mitochondrial DNA, inherited from his or her mother through the egg at fertilization. (Mitochondria from the sperm are systematically eliminated by the egg at fertilization.)

Handedness
The preference for using one hand over the other. Most people are right-handed, about 10 percent are left-handed, and others, who don't favor a hand, are ambidextrous.

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Hemorrhoid
Caused by increased blood volume and pressure from the uterus on the veinsin the legs and pelvis, these swollen blood vessels in the anus are commonduring pregnancy. Constipation can also cause (or compound) the problem.

Hepatitis B vaccine
The vaccine against hepatitis B, a virus that affects primarily the liver. This series of three shots, given between birth and 2 weeks and at 2 and 6 months, may cause fussiness, low-grade fever,headache, and soreness at the injection site.

Hib vaccine
A vaccine given to protect against Haemophilus influenzae type b, a serious bacterial infection that causes ear and airway infections and is the leading cause of meningitis in children under 2.

High-risk babies
Babies with a greater likelihood of developing an illness or dyingwithin the first few months of life. High-risk babies include those ofmothers infected with HIV or who have a drug or alcohol dependency.

High-risk pregnancy
A pregnancy with a higher than normal risk of developing complications. Such pregnancies include those with multiple fetuses or Rh incompatibility, and when the mother has had problems with miscarriage, pre-term labor, or placenta previa in earlier pregnancies.

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This dictionary contains 25007 terms.

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