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Hapten
Hapten A compound, usually of low molecular weight, that is not itself immunogenic but that, after conjugation to a carrier protein or cells, becomes immunogenic and induces antibody, which can bind the hapten alone in the absence of carrier.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Molecular
Refers to the basic building blocks of the genetic material, such as DNA, genes and the other chemicals involved with the functioning of genes.
Carrier
A large immunogenic molecule or particle to which an antigenic determinant is attached, allowing the determinant to become immunogenic.
Protein
Any of a group of complex organic compounds which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur, the characteristic element being nitrogen. Proteins, the principal constituents of the protoplasm of all cells, are of high molecular weight and consist essentially of combinations of a-amino acids in peptide linkages. Twenty different amino acids are commonly found in proteins, and each protein has a unique genetically defined amino acid sequence which determines its specific shape and function. Their roles include enzymatic catalysis, transport and storage, coordinated motion, nerve impulse generation and many others.
Antibody
An infection-fighting protein molecule in blood or secretory fluids that tags, neutralizes, and helps destroy pathogenic microorganisms (eg, bacteria, viruses) or toxins. Antibodies, known generally as immunoglobulins, are made and secreted by B-lymphocytes in response to stimulation by antigens. Each specific antibody binds only to the specific antigen that stimulated its production.
Hapten
A compound, usually of low molecular weight, that is not itself immunogenic but that, after conjugation to a carrier protein or cells, becomes immunogenic and induces antibody, which can bind the hapten alone in the absence of carrier.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Haptic
Having to do with touch and the sense of touch. 2. Pertaining to the skin feelings and the sense of touch.
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HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. Species of lentivirus, subgenus primate lentiviruses (lentiviruses, primate), formerly designated T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). It is acknowledged to be the agent responsible for the acute infectious manifestations, neurologic disorders, and immunologic abnormalities linked to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Hemorrhoids
Enlarged veins protruding into the anorectal area, either internal or externally visible. They are either the result of poor sphincter tone and portal congestion, or sphincter hypertonicity, skeletal muscle and adrenergic excess.
HLA complex
See 'Major histocompatibility complex'.
H-2 complex
The major histocompatibility complex situated on chromosome 17 of the mouse; contains subregions K, I and D.
Haplotype
A particular combination of closely linked genes on a chromosome inherited from one patient.
Hapten
Heavy chain
The larger of the two types of chains that comprise a normal immunoglobulin or antibody molecule.
H chain
The larger of the two types of chains that comprise a normal immunoglobulin or antibody molecule.
Helper T cells
A class of T cells which help trigger B cells to make antibody against thymus-dependent antigens. Helper T cells also help generate cytotoxic T cells.
Heterophile antigen
A cross-reacting antigen that appears in widely ranging species such as humans and bacteria.
Hinge region
A flexible, open segment of an antibody molecule that allows bending of the molecule. The hinge region is located between Fab and Fc and is susceptible to enzymatic cleavage.
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