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Genotype
Genotype Genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual organism.
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Genotype
Genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual organism.
Genetic
Hereditary. Having to do with the genes.
Organism
A living thing, such as an animal, a plant, a bacterium, or a fungus.
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Genoa Community Hospital
Genoa Community Hospital is a hospital in Genoa, Nebraska (USA).
Genome
The complete genetic material of an organism.
Genome annotation
The process of identifying the locations of genes and all of the coding regions in a genome and determining what those genes do. An annotation (irrespective of the context) is a note added by way of explanation or commentary. Once a genome is sequenced, it needs to be annotated to make sense of it.
Genome, chromosomal
All of the genetic information in the chromosomes of an organism. For humans, that is all of the DNA contained in our normal complement of 46 rod-like chromosomes in virtually every cell in the body. (Mature red blood cells, for one exception, have no nucleus and therefore no chromosomes). The chromosomal genome is synonymous with the nuclear genome. Together with the mitochondrial genome, it constitutes the genome of the human being.
Genome, mitochondrial
All of the genetic information contained in the chromosome of the mitochondrion, a structure located in the cytoplasm outside the nucleus of the cell. The nucleus houses the better known chromosomal genome, our complement of chromosomes.
Genome, mouse
All of the genetic information contained in the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus). The genomes of particular nonhuman organisms such as the mouse have been studied for a number of reasons including the need to improve sequencing and analysis techniques. These nonhuman genomes also provide powerful sets of data against which to compare the human genome. Almost every human gene has a counterpart in the mouse, with similar DNA sequences and basic functions. If the 23 pairs of human chromosomes were broken into smaller blocks, those pieces could be reassembled to produce a serviceable model of the mouse genome.
Genome, Mus musculus
All of the genetic information contained in Mus musculus, the laboratory mouse. The genomes of particular nonhuman organisms such as the mouse have been studied for a number of reasons including the need to improve sequencing and analysis techniques. These nonhuman genomes also provide powerful sets of data against which to compare the human genome. Almost every human gene has a counterpart in the mouse, with similar DNA sequences and basic functions. If the 23 pairs of human chromosomes were broken into smaller blocks, those pieces could be reassembled to produce a serviceable model of the mouse genome.
Genome, rice
The first commercially important plant to have its genome sequenced. This feat, completed early in 2001, is particularly important because rice is a staple food for a large portion of the population of the world. With the rice sequence, genes can be located to improve yields and make rice more nutritious.
Genome, Vibrio cholerae
The genome of the bacterium that causes cholera. This genome contains over 4 million bases in its DNA including the sequences for nearly 4,000 genes. The Vibrio cholerae genome is remarkable in that it is arranged in two circular chromosomes. The larger of the two chromosomes has the usual housekeeping genes, similar to those, for example, of E. coli, the common colon bacillus. The smaller chromosome contains many of the genetic elements that make Vibrio cholerae pathogenic (capable of causing disease).
Genomic
Pertaining to the genome, all of the genetic information possessed by any organism.
Genomic imprinting
See imprinting.
Genomic segment
A region of the genome; it encompasses objects described as loci or probes. Genomic segments can range in size from points to regions as large as an entire chromosome. There are many types of genomic regions. On a technical level, they include genes, gene elements, amplimers (PCR markers), breakpoints in chromosomes, clones, cytogenetic markers, fragile sites on chromosomes, expressed sequence tags (ESTs), syndromic regions, contigs and DNA repeats.
Genomics
The study of genes and their function. Genomics aims to understand the structure of the genome, including the mapping genes and sequencing the DNA. Genomics examines the molecular mechanisms and the interplay of genetic and environmental factors in disease.
Genomics, structural
The study of the proteome, the three-dimensional structures of all of the proteins produced by a species. In the Human Genome Project, the sequence of all the DNA in our genome was largely deciphered. Structural genomics aims to achieve a comparable degree of understanding of the proteome.
Genoplasty
A technology that uses the repair mechanisms normally present in cells to repair gene defects. In genoplasty, a short oligonucleotide fragment is introduced into the cell to simulate a normal DNA sequence and this deceives the cell into repairing itself. The sequence of the gene itself is thus changed permanently. Genoplasty is different from gene therapy in which a normal gene is inserted into the cell.
Genoptic
Genoptic is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): gentamicin sulfate.
Genotoxin
A poisonous substance which damages DNA. A genotoxin can cause mutations in DNA (and so be a mutagen), it can trigger cancer (and so be a carcinogen), or it can cause a birth defect (and so be a teratogen).
Genotropin
Genotropin is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): somatropin recombinant.
Genotropin preservative free
Genotropin preservative free is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): somatropin recombinant.
Genova doctors
All doctors near Genova, Italy. Doctors who can assist a patient in Genova.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Glaucoma
A disease of the eye marked by increased pressure within the eyeball. If left untreated, glaucoma can damage the optic nerve and cause loss of vision
Golgi apparatus
A cytoplasmic organelle which is composed of flattened sacs resembling smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The sacs are often cup-shaped and located near the nucleus, the open side of the cup generally facing toward the cell surface. The function of the Golgi apparatus is to accept vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum, to modify the contents, and to distribute the products to other parts of the cell or to the cellular environment.
Gamete
Sperm and eggs. These cells have the special property of carrying only one copy of each gene instead the two copies that most other cells carry. These cells contribute to the next generation and are also called “germ line” cells.
Gynandromorph
An individual that is a mosaic of male and female structures. The underlying cause is frequently sex chromosome mosaicism, such that some cells are chromosomal females while others are chromosomal males. Mosaic individuals having simultaneous aspects of both the male and the female phenotype.
Genotype
Gene
1. A unit of DNA that carries information for the biosynthesis of a specific product in the cell. 2. Ultimate unit by which inheritable characteristics are transmitted to succeeding generations in all living organisms. Genes are contained by, and arranged along the length of, the chromosome. The gene is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Each chromosome of each species has a definite number and arrangement of genes, which govern both the structure and metabolic functions of the cells and thus of the entire organism.
Guanine
(guanine triphosphate) One of the 4 types of nucleotides that make up DNA. Base pairs with cytosine by 3 hydrogen bonds.
Glucagon
The hormone from the pancreas that causes the release of stored carbohydrate in the liver to restore blood glucose levels. Glucagon uses the second messenger cyclic AMP to exert its biological action.
Glucose
The only simple carbohydrate that circulates in the bloodstream. Glucose is the primary fuel used by the brain. It can also be stored in the liver and muscles in a polymer form known as glycogen.
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