Genome, Vibrio cholerae

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Genome, Vibrio cholerae

Genome, Vibrio cholerae

The genome of the bacterium that causes cholera. This genome contains over 4 million bases in its DNA including the sequences for nearly 4,000 genes. The Vibrio cholerae genome is remarkable in that it is arranged in two circular chromosomes. The larger of the two chromosomes has the usual housekeeping genes, similar to those, for example, of E. coli, the common colon bacillus. The smaller chromosome contains many of the genetic elements that make Vibrio cholerae pathogenic (capable of causing disease).

RELATED TERMS
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Genome
The complete genetic material of an organism.

Bacterium
The singular of bacteria.

Cholera
A devastating and sometimes lethal disease with intense vomiting and profuse watery diarrhea leading to dehydration which, unless immediately treated, may be fatal.

Genes
Basic, functional units of heredity, each occupying a specific place on a chromosome.

Chromosomes
Filaments of genetic material in every cell nucleus that are made up of genes and that transmit genetic information from one generation of cells to the next.

Colon
Another name for the large intestine. The section of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum. An adult colon is approximately five to six feet in length and is responsible for absorbing water and forming, storing and expelling waste.

Bacillus
A large family of bacteria that have a rod-like shape. They include the bacteria that cause food to spoil, and also those responsible for some types of diseases. Helpful members of the bacillus family are used to make antibiotics, or colonize the human intestinal tract and aid with digestion.

Chromosome
A structural unit within a eukaryotic nucleus that carries genes. A chromosome consists of a long, continuous strand of DNA and associated proteins.

Genetic
Hereditary. Having to do with the genes.

SIMILAR TERMS
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Genoa Community Hospital
Genoa Community Hospital is a hospital in Genoa, Nebraska (USA).

Genome
The complete genetic material of an organism.

Genome annotation
The process of identifying the locations of genes and all of the coding regions in a genome and determining what those genes do. An annotation (irrespective of the context) is a note added by way of explanation or commentary. Once a genome is sequenced, it needs to be annotated to make sense of it.

Genome, chromosomal
All of the genetic information in the chromosomes of an organism. For humans, that is all of the DNA contained in our normal complement of 46 rod-like chromosomes in virtually every cell in the body. (Mature red blood cells, for one exception, have no nucleus and therefore no chromosomes). The chromosomal genome is synonymous with the nuclear genome. Together with the mitochondrial genome, it constitutes the genome of the human being.

Genome, mitochondrial
All of the genetic information contained in the chromosome of the mitochondrion, a structure located in the cytoplasm outside the nucleus of the cell. The nucleus houses the better known chromosomal genome, our complement of chromosomes.

Genome, mouse
All of the genetic information contained in the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus). The genomes of particular nonhuman organisms such as the mouse have been studied for a number of reasons including the need to improve sequencing and analysis techniques. These nonhuman genomes also provide powerful sets of data against which to compare the human genome. Almost every human gene has a counterpart in the mouse, with similar DNA sequences and basic functions. If the 23 pairs of human chromosomes were broken into smaller blocks, those pieces could be reassembled to produce a serviceable model of the mouse genome.

Genome, Mus musculus
All of the genetic information contained in Mus musculus, the laboratory mouse. The genomes of particular nonhuman organisms such as the mouse have been studied for a number of reasons including the need to improve sequencing and analysis techniques. These nonhuman genomes also provide powerful sets of data against which to compare the human genome. Almost every human gene has a counterpart in the mouse, with similar DNA sequences and basic functions. If the 23 pairs of human chromosomes were broken into smaller blocks, those pieces could be reassembled to produce a serviceable model of the mouse genome.

Genome, rice
The first commercially important plant to have its genome sequenced. This feat, completed early in 2001, is particularly important because rice is a staple food for a large portion of the population of the world. With the rice sequence, genes can be located to improve yields and make rice more nutritious.

Genomic
Pertaining to the genome, all of the genetic information possessed by any organism.

Genomic imprinting
See imprinting.

Genomic segment
A region of the genome; it encompasses objects described as loci or probes. Genomic segments can range in size from points to regions as large as an entire chromosome. There are many types of genomic regions. On a technical level, they include genes, gene elements, amplimers (PCR markers), breakpoints in chromosomes, clones, cytogenetic markers, fragile sites on chromosomes, expressed sequence tags (ESTs), syndromic regions, contigs and DNA repeats.

Genomics
The study of genes and their function. Genomics aims to understand the structure of the genome, including the mapping genes and sequencing the DNA. Genomics examines the molecular mechanisms and the interplay of genetic and environmental factors in disease.

Genomics, structural
The study of the proteome, the three-dimensional structures of all of the proteins produced by a species. In the Human Genome Project, the sequence of all the DNA in our genome was largely deciphered. Structural genomics aims to achieve a comparable degree of understanding of the proteome.

Genoplasty
A technology that uses the repair mechanisms normally present in cells to repair gene defects. In genoplasty, a short oligonucleotide fragment is introduced into the cell to simulate a normal DNA sequence and this deceives the cell into repairing itself. The sequence of the gene itself is thus changed permanently. Genoplasty is different from gene therapy in which a normal gene is inserted into the cell.

Genoptic
Genoptic is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): gentamicin sulfate.

Genotoxin
A poisonous substance which damages DNA. A genotoxin can cause mutations in DNA (and so be a mutagen), it can trigger cancer (and so be a carcinogen), or it can cause a birth defect (and so be a teratogen).

Genotropin
Genotropin is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): somatropin recombinant.

Genotropin preservative free
Genotropin preservative free is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): somatropin recombinant.

Genotype
Genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual organism.

Genova doctors
All doctors near Genova, Italy. Doctors who can assist a patient in Genova.

PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS
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Genome, chromosomal
All of the genetic information in the chromosomes of an organism. For humans, that is all of the DNA contained in our normal complement of 46 rod-like chromosomes in virtually every cell in the body. (Mature red blood cells, for one exception, have no nucleus and therefore no chromosomes). The chromosomal genome is synonymous with the nuclear genome. Together with the mitochondrial genome, it constitutes the genome of the human being.

Genome, mitochondrial
All of the genetic information contained in the chromosome of the mitochondrion, a structure located in the cytoplasm outside the nucleus of the cell. The nucleus houses the better known chromosomal genome, our complement of chromosomes.

Genome, mouse
All of the genetic information contained in the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus). The genomes of particular nonhuman organisms such as the mouse have been studied for a number of reasons including the need to improve sequencing and analysis techniques. These nonhuman genomes also provide powerful sets of data against which to compare the human genome. Almost every human gene has a counterpart in the mouse, with similar DNA sequences and basic functions. If the 23 pairs of human chromosomes were broken into smaller blocks, those pieces could be reassembled to produce a serviceable model of the mouse genome.

Genome, Mus musculus
All of the genetic information contained in Mus musculus, the laboratory mouse. The genomes of particular nonhuman organisms such as the mouse have been studied for a number of reasons including the need to improve sequencing and analysis techniques. These nonhuman genomes also provide powerful sets of data against which to compare the human genome. Almost every human gene has a counterpart in the mouse, with similar DNA sequences and basic functions. If the 23 pairs of human chromosomes were broken into smaller blocks, those pieces could be reassembled to produce a serviceable model of the mouse genome.

Genome, rice
The first commercially important plant to have its genome sequenced. This feat, completed early in 2001, is particularly important because rice is a staple food for a large portion of the population of the world. With the rice sequence, genes can be located to improve yields and make rice more nutritious.

Genome, Vibrio cholerae

Genomic
Pertaining to the genome, all of the genetic information possessed by any organism.

Genomic segment
A region of the genome; it encompasses objects described as loci or probes. Genomic segments can range in size from points to regions as large as an entire chromosome. There are many types of genomic regions. On a technical level, they include genes, gene elements, amplimers (PCR markers), breakpoints in chromosomes, clones, cytogenetic markers, fragile sites on chromosomes, expressed sequence tags (ESTs), syndromic regions, contigs and DNA repeats.

Genomics
The study of genes and their function. Genomics aims to understand the structure of the genome, including the mapping genes and sequencing the DNA. Genomics examines the molecular mechanisms and the interplay of genetic and environmental factors in disease.

Genomics, structural
The study of the proteome, the three-dimensional structures of all of the proteins produced by a species. In the Human Genome Project, the sequence of all the DNA in our genome was largely deciphered. Structural genomics aims to achieve a comparable degree of understanding of the proteome.

Genoplasty
A technology that uses the repair mechanisms normally present in cells to repair gene defects. In genoplasty, a short oligonucleotide fragment is introduced into the cell to simulate a normal DNA sequence and this deceives the cell into repairing itself. The sequence of the gene itself is thus changed permanently. Genoplasty is different from gene therapy in which a normal gene is inserted into the cell.

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This dictionary contains 25007 terms.

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