Foodborne illness

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Foodborne illness

Foodborne illness

An acute gastrointestinal infection caused by food that contains harmful bacteria. Also called food poisoning.

RELATED TERMS
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Acute
1. Of short course. 2. Severe, but of a short duration. Not chronic.

Gastrointestinal
Having to do with the stomach and intestines.

Infection
Anything that invades the body and reproduces. Infections can be bacteria, protozoa, fungi, or viruses. Bacteria and fungi are one celled creatures that cause many infections including strep throat, bladder infections, and some lung infections. Fungi cause “athlete’s foot” and thrush, an infection in the mouth. Protozoa are small organisms with many cells that can cause infections in the guts or in the lungs. Most healthy people do not get protozoal infections, but people with suppressed immune systems can. Viruses are not really organisms; they are tiny particles that can live only inside another cell. They reproduce by taking over a cell and causing that cell to make more virus particles, rather than doing what the cell is supposed to do. Viruses cause most colds and flu cases.

Food
Any substance eaten to provide nutritional support for the body.

Bacteria
Single-celled microorganisms which can exist either as independent (free-living) organisms or as parasites (dependent upon another organism for life).

SIMILAR TERMS
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Food
Any substance eaten to provide nutritional support for the body.

Food insecure
When people must live with hunger and fear starvation.

Food intolerance
An adverse food-induced reaction that does not involve the immune system. Lactose intolerance is an example.

Food irradiation
A food safety technology designed to eliminate disease-causing germs from foods. Treating food with ionizing radiation can kill bacteria and parasites that would otherwise cause foodborne disease. Similar technology is used to sterilize medical devices so they can be used in surgery or implanted without risk of infection. The effects of irradiation on the food and on animals and people eating irradiated food have been studied extensively. These studies show clearly that when irradiation is used as approved on foods, disease-causing germs are reduced or eliminated, the food does not become radioactive, dangerous substances do not appear in the foods, and the nutritional value of the food is essentially unchanged.

Food poisoning
A common flu-like illness typically characterized by nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, due to something the victim ate or drank that contained noxious bacteria, viruses, parasites, metals or toxins.

Food poisoning, Campylobacter
Now the leading cause of bacterial food poisoning, caused by an Campylobacter jejuni, most often spread by contact with raw or undercooked poultry. A single drop of juice from a contaminated chicken is enough to make someone sick with Campylobacteriosis (disease due to Campylobacter bacteria).

Food security
When people do not need to live with hunger or fear starvation.

Food, functional
Functional foods are "those foods that encompass potentially healthful products including any modified food or ingredient that may provide a health benefit beyond the traditional nutrients it contains," as defined by the Institute of Medicine. Functional foods can include foods like cereals, breads and beverages which are fortified with vitamins, herbs and nutraceuticals.

Food, super
Foods with alleged healing or health-promoting capabilities. The healing power of foods is a popular concept. Medicinal or nutritionally high- powered foods have been part and parcel of the natural products industry for a long time and, through emerging scientific research and particularly through growing public interest, they have reached the mainstream. Not all items advertised as "super" foods or healing foods have been proven to promote health, however, and some may be contraindicated for people with certain health conditions. Before making drastic changes to your diet, always consult with your physician or a professional nutritionist.

Food-insecure
Referring to the situation when people need to live with hunger and fear starvation.

Food-secure
Referring to the situation when people do not need to live with hunger or fear starvation.

Foodborne disease
A disease caused by consuming contaminated food or drink. Myriad microbes and toxic substances can contaminate foods. There are more then 250 known foodborne diseases. The majority are infectious and are caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Other foodborne diseases are essentially poisonings caused by toxins, chemicals contaminating the food. All foodborne microbes and toxins enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract and often causes the first symptoms there. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea are frequent in foodborne diseases.

PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS
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Flatulence
Excessive gas in the stomach or intestine.

Fluency
Able to express oneself readily and effortlessly: a fluent speaker; fluent in three languages.

Flutter
Ineffective contractions of the heart muscles.

Folic acid
One of the B vitamins especially important for a woman to take before conception to help prevent neural tube defects in a fetus.

Food intolerance
An adverse food-induced reaction that does not involve the immune system. Lactose intolerance is an example.

Foodborne illness

Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF)
Liver failure that occurs suddenly in a previously healthy person. The most common causes are acute hepatitis, acetaminophen overdose, and liver damage from prescription drugs.

Functional disorders
Conditions resulting from poor nerve and muscle function. Also called motility disorders.

Functional incontinence
Difficulty reaching a restroom in time because of physical conditions such as arthritis.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
A technique that can be used for prenatal diagnosis, in which specifically designed fluorescent molecules are used to "light up" particular genes or sections of chromosomes to make them visible under a microscope. The fluorescence makes even small abnormalities in the chromosomes visible.

Failure to thrive
Slow growth and development of a baby, characterized by failure to gain weight, delayed development, unwillingness to interact, and gastrointestinal problems. Failure to thrive is almost always the result of inadequate nutrition, whether because of neglect or illness.

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This dictionary contains 25007 terms.

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