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Exchange Lists
Exchange Lists A grouping of foods by type to help people on special diets stay on the diet. Each group lists food in serving sizes. A person can exchange, trade, or substitute a food serving in one group for another food serving in the same group. The lists put foods in six groups:
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Diet
In nutrition, the diet is the sum of the food consumed by a body. Proper nutrition for a human requires vitamins, minerals, proteins, and fuel in the form of carbohydrates and fats. Imbalances between the consumed fuels and expended energy results in either starvation or excessive reserves of adipose tissue, or body fat
Food
Any substance eaten to provide nutritional support for the body.
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Exchange, gas
The primary function of the lungs involving the transfer of oxygen from inhaled air into the blood and the transfer of carbon dioxide from the blood into the exhaled air.
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Emergency Medical Identification
Cards, bracelets, or necklaces with a written message used by people with diabetes or other medical problems to alert others in case of a medical emergency such as coma. |See the list of companies that sell Medical Identification Products.
Endocrine pancreas
The part of the pancreas that produces hormones that govern sugar metabolism. Compare with the exocrine pancreas.
Endocrine Glands
Glands that release hormones into the bloodstream. They affect how the body uses food (metabolism). They also influence other body functions. One endocrine gland is the pancreas. It releases insulin so the body can use sugar for energy.
End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
The final phase of kidney disease; treated by dialysis or kidney transplantation.
Euglycemia
A normal level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. |Compare to hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.
Exchange Lists
ECMO
Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation. In patients who are unable to provide oxygen for their own blood or enough blood circulation, they can be put on life support known as extra corporial membrane oxygenation. The blood is withdrawn from a large vein in the body and passes through a pumping mechanism, and then through a device which puts oxygen into the blood and removes carbon dioxide from the blood. The blood is then returned to the body and circulated in such a way as to sustain life.
Ectopic
Out of place. An ectopic heart beat originates in an abnormal location of the heart.
Ejection Fraction (EF)
The amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle during each heart beat. The ejection fraction evaluates how well the heart is pumping; Normally 50 - 70 percent.
Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)
A test that records on graph paper the electrical activity of the heart via small electrode patches attached to the skin. An EKG helps a physician determine the causes of abnormal heartbeat or detect heart damage.
Electrolyte
One of the substances in the blood that helps to regulate the proper balance of body fluids. Examples of electrolytes include sodium and potassium.
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