Evolution, biologic

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Evolution, biologic

Evolution, biologic

Biologic evolution was contrasted with cultural (social) evolution in 1968 by A.G. Motulsky who pointed out that biologic evolution is mediated by genes, shows a slow rate of change, employs random variation (mutations) and selection as agents of change, new variants are often harmful, these new variants are transmitted from parents to offspring, the mode of transmission is simple, complexity is achieved by the rare formation of new genes by chromosome duplication, biologic evolution occurs with all forms of life, and the biology of humans requires cultural evolution.

RELATED TERMS
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Evolution
The continuing process of change, especially in reference to natural selection.

Genes
Basic, functional units of heredity, each occupying a specific place on a chromosome.

Mode
The most frequently occurring value in a data set.

Chromosome
A structural unit within a eukaryotic nucleus that carries genes. A chromosome consists of a long, continuous strand of DNA and associated proteins.

Duplication
Part of a chromosome in duplicate, a particular kind of mutation (change) involving the production of one or more copies of any piece of DNA, including a gene or even an entire chromosome.

SIMILAR TERMS
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Evolution
The continuing process of change, especially in reference to natural selection.

Evolutionarily conserved gene
A gene that has remained essentially unchanged throughout evolution. Conservation of a gene indicates that it is unique and essential. There is not an extra copy of that gene with which evolution can tinker. And changes in the gene are likely to be lethal.

Evolutionarily conserved sequence
A base sequence in a DNA molecule (or an amino acid sequence in a protein) that has remained largely unchanged throughout evolution.

PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS
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Event
A set of outcomes. Cardiovascular events might include a heart attack and gastrointestinal events a GI bleed. The use of the term "event" in medicine comes from probability theory.

Evert
To turn outward or turn inside out. To evert the foot is to move its forepart away from the midline of the body. To evert a hollow organ is to turn it inside out.

Evertor
A muscle that turns a part toward the outside. To evert is to turn outward or turn inside out.

Evidence-based medicine
The judicious use of the best current evidence in making decisions about the care of the individual patient. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is mean to integrate clinical expertise with the best available research evidence and patient values.

Evolution
The continuing process of change, especially in reference to natural selection.

Evolution, biologic

Evolutionarily conserved gene
A gene that has remained essentially unchanged throughout evolution. Conservation of a gene indicates that it is unique and essential. There is not an extra copy of that gene with which evolution can tinker. And changes in the gene are likely to be lethal.

Evolutionarily conserved sequence
A base sequence in a DNA molecule (or an amino acid sequence in a protein) that has remained largely unchanged throughout evolution.

Ewing sarcoma
A type of bone tumor that occurs in children and adolescents, most often in the large bones of the arms and legs and the flat bones of the pelvis, spine and ribs. The tumor is caused by a chromosome abnormality, called a translocation (an exchange of material), most commonly between chromosomes 11 and 22 that occurs by chance alone in a single cell which divides to form the malignant clone (colony) of cells.

Exacerbation
A worsening. In medicine, exacerbation may refer to an increase in the severity of a disease or its signs and symptoms. For example, exacerbation of asthma is one of the serious effects of air pollution.

Exaggerated startle disease
A genetic disorder also known as hyperexplexia in which babies have an exaggerated startle reflex (reaction).

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This dictionary contains 25007 terms.

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