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Equivalence trial
Equivalence trial
A trial with the primary objective of showing that the response to two or more treatments differs by an amount which is clinically unimportant. This is usually demonstrated by showing that the true treatment difference is likely to lie between a lower and an upper equivalence level of clinically acceptable differences.
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Equilibrium disorders
Balance disorders.
Equiluminant stimuli
Visual stimuli that vary only in color but not in luminance. Stereopsis and motion perception disappear at equiluminance indicating the presence of separate processing channels for color, motion and stereopsis.
Equinophobia
An abnormal and persistent fear of horses. Sufferers of equinophobia experience undue anxiety even when a horse is known to be gentle and well trained. They usually avoid horses entirely rather than risk being kicked, bitten or thrown. They may also fear other hoofed animals such as ponies, donkeys and mules.
Equipin
Equipin is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): homatropine methylbromide.
Equipoise
A state in which an investigator is uncertain about which arm of a clinical trial would be therapeutically superior for a patient. An investigator who has a treatment preference or finds out that one arm of a comparative trial offers a clinically therapeutic advantage should disclose this information to subjects participating in the trial. Ethically, subjects should only be entered or continue in a trial where equipoise exists for that subject.
Equivalence zone
In a precipitin reaction, the region in which the concentration of antigen and antibody leads to maximal precipitation.
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Extracellular
Outside the cells.
Extraocular
Adjacent to but outside the eyeball.
Entire trial
Also called parallel group trial, parallel design trial.
Endpoint
An indicator measured in a subject or biological sample to assess the safety, efficacy, or other objective of a trial. See also surrogate marker.
Equipoise
A state in which an investigator is uncertain about which arm of a clinical trial would be therapeutically superior for a patient. An investigator who has a treatment preference or finds out that one arm of a comparative trial offers a clinically therapeutic advantage should disclose this information to subjects participating in the trial. Ethically, subjects should only be entered or continue in a trial where equipoise exists for that subject.
Equivalence trial
Ethics approval
The affirmation decision of the ethics committee that the clinical trial has been independently reviewed and may be conducted at the institution site within the constraints set forth by the IRB, the institution, good clinical practice (GCP), and the applicable regulatory requirements.
Ethics committee (EC)
an independent body (a review board or a committee, institutional, regional, national, or supranational) constituted of medical/scientific professionals and non-scientific members, whose responsibility it is to ensure the protection of the rights, safety, and well-being of human subjects involved in a trial and to provide public assurance of that protection by, among other things, reviewing and approving/providing favourable opinion on, the trial protocol, the suitability of the investigator(s), facilities, and the methods and material to be used in obtaining and documenting informed consent of the trial subjects. The legal status, composition, function, operations, and regulatory requirements pertaining to independent ethics committees may differ among countries, but should allow the independent ethics committee to act in agreement with GCP as described in the ICH guideline. See also institutional review board.
Exclusion criteria
A list of criteria, any one of which excludes a potential subject from participation in a study. See also inclusion criteria, admission criteria.
External consistency
The consistency of a procedure (for example, a rating scale or laboratory test) between sets of data.
Epithelial
Of the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body.
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