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Elevated hemidiaphragm
Elevated hemidiaphragm Elevation of half of the diaphragm, the muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen and that serves as the main muscle of respiration. The elevation of a hemidiaphragm is a significant sign of a problem.
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Diaphragm
The muscle wall between the chest and the abdomen. It is the major muscle that the body uses for breathing.
Muscle
Tissue made up of bundles of long, slender cells that contract when stimulated.
Chest
The area of the body located between the neck and the abdomen. The chest contains the lungs, the heart and part of the aorta. The walls of the chest are supported by the dorsal vertebrae, the ribs, and the sternum.
Cavity
A hollow place or hole within the body.
Abdomen
The area between the chest and the hips. Contains the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen.
Respiration
The act or process of breathing. The process by which a living organism or cell takes in oxygen from the air or water and uses it.
Sign
An objective manifestation of a pathological condition. Signs are observed by the examiner rather than reported by the affected individual.
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Elevated mood
An exaggerated feeling of well-being, or euphoria or elation. A person with elevated mood may describe feeling "high," "ecstatic," "on top of the world," or "up in the clouds."
Eleventh cranial nerve
The eleventh cranial nerve is the accessory nerve. The twelve cranial nerves, the accessory nerve included, emerge from or enter the skull (the cranium) as opposed to the spinal nerves which emerge from the vertebral column. The accessory is so-called because, although it arises in the brain, it receives an additional (accessory) root from the upper part of the spinal cord.
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Electrophysiologic
Pertaining to electrophysiology.
Electrophysiologic retinal testing
Testing done to diagnose specific disorders of the retina, including inherited retinal diseases, the effects of toxic drug exposure on the retina, and the presence of foreign bodies within the eye.
Electrophysiologic study of the heart
A test of the electrical conduction system of the heart (the system that generates the heart beat).
Electroretinography
Abbreviated ERG. A test in which the electrical potentials generated by the retina of the eye are measured when the retina is stimulated by light. In an ERG, an electrode is placed on the cornea at the front of the eye. The electrode measures the electrical response of the rods and cones, the visual cells in the retina at the back of the eye. An ERG may be useful in the evaluation of hereditary and acquired disorders of the retina. A normal ERG shows the appropriate responses with increased light intensity. An abnormal ERG is found in conditions such as arteriosclerosis of the retina, detachment of the retina, and temporal arteritis with eye involvement. The instrument used to do electroretinography is an electroretinograph and the resultant recording is called an electroretinogram.
Electrosurgery
Instead of using a scalpel, the surgeon utilizes a heat-generating electrical device to burn or vaporize tissue in order to remove it and minimize and halt bleeding.
Elevated hemidiaphragm
Eleventh cranial nerve
The eleventh cranial nerve is the accessory nerve. The twelve cranial nerves, the accessory nerve included, emerge from or enter the skull (the cranium) as opposed to the spinal nerves which emerge from the vertebral column. The accessory is so-called because, although it arises in the brain, it receives an additional (accessory) root from the upper part of the spinal cord.
Elliptocytosis
Hematologic disorder characterized by elliptically shaped red blood cells (elliptocytosis) with variable breakup of red cells (hemolysis) and varying degrees of anemia. Inherited as a dominant trait. Due to mutation (change) in one of the genes encoding proteins of the red cell membrane skeleton.
EM (electron microscope)
A microscope in which an electron beam replaces light to form the image. EM stands for electron microscope (the device) and for electron microscopy (the technique and field).
Emboli
Something that travels through the bloodstream, lodges in a blood vessel and blocks it. Examples of emboli are a detached blood clot, a clump of bacteria, and foreign material such as air. Pulmonary emboli are blood clots that have been carried through the blood into the pulmonary artery (the main blood vessel from the heart to the lung) or one of its branches, plugging that vessel.
Embolism, paradoxical
Passage of a clot (thrombus) from a vein to an artery. When clots in veins break off (embolize) , they travel first to the right side of the heart and, normally, then to the lungs where they lodge. The lungs act as a filter to prevent the clots from entering the arterial circulation. However, when there is a hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart (an atrial septal defect), a clot can cross from the right to the left side of the heart, then pass into the arteries as a paradoxical embolism. Once in the arterial circulation, a clot can travel to the brain, block a vessel there, and cause a stroke (cerebrovascular accident). Because of the risk of stroke from paradoxical embolism, it is usually recommended that even small atrial septal defects be repaired. Also called crossed embolism.
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