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Clasped thumbs and mental retardation
Clasped thumbs and mental retardation A syndrome with the following characteristic features: (1) neurologically: mental retardation and aphasia (lack of speech); (2) limbs: adducted (clasped) thumbs, absent extensor pollicis longus and/or brevis muscles to the thumb, shuffling gait, and leg spasticity; (3) growth: small body size; (4) skeleton: lumbar lordosis (sway back). The syndrome is inherited as an X-linked trait and so affects mainly boys. Alternative names include MASA syndrome (MASA stands for mental retardation, aphasia, shuffling gait, and adducted thumbs), adducted thumb with mental retardation, congenital clasped thumb with mental retardation, and the Gareis-Mason syndrome.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Syndrome
A grouping of signs and symptoms, based on their frequent co-occurrence, that may suggest a common underlying pathogenesis, course, familial pattern, or treatment selection.
Retardation
Delay or halt of any process such as mental or physical development.
Aphasia
Partial or total loss of the ability to articulate ideas or comprehend spoken or written language, resulting from damage to the brain caused by injury or disease.
Gait
Pattern of walking.
Spasticity
Involuntary muscle tightness and stiffness that occurs in about two-thirds of people with cerebral palsy and in many who suffer severe head injuries. The medical definition of dystonia is a velocity-dependent, increased resistance to passive muscle stretch. In other words, when a muscle affected by spasticity is stretched by someone else, it is harder to move the muscle than normal, and the faster one pushes, the harder the muscle is to move.
Skeleton
The skeleton or skeletal system is the biological system providing support in living organisms.
Lumbar
Having to do with the lower back, the loins.
Lordosis
An exaggeration of the forward curve of the lower part of the back, sometimes called sway-back.
Congenital
Present at birth.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Clasp
Device that retains a removable partial denture to stationary teeth.
Class I MHC molecules
Proteins encoded by genes in the major histocompatibility complex (q.v.). Class I molecules are designated HLA-A, B, or C.
Class II MHC molecules
Proteins encoded by genes in the major histocompatibility complex (q.v.). Class II molecules are designated DP, DQ or DR.
Class switch
See isotype switch.
Classical conditioning
Elicitation of a response by a stimulus that normally does not elicit that response. The response is one that is mediated primarily by the autonomic nervous system (such as salivation or a change in heart rate). A previously neutral stimulus is repeatedly presented just before an unconditioned stimulus that normally elicits that response. When the response subsequently occurs in the presence of the previously neutral stimulus, it is called a conditioned response, and the previously neutral stimulus, a conditioned stimulus.
Classical pathway
The mechanism of complement activation initiated by antigen-antibody aggregates and proceeding by way of C1, C4 and C2.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Cl (chloride)
Cl is the chemical symbol for chloride, the major anion found in the fluid outside of cells and in blood. An anion is the negatively charged part of certain substances such as table salt (sodium chloride or NaCl) when dissolved in liquid. Sea water has almost the same concentration of chloride ion as human fluids.
CLA
1. Conjugated linoleic acid. 2. Cervical lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes in the neck). 3. Congenital lactic acidosis. 4. Caseous lymphadenitis (cheeselike lymph nodes, usually due to TB).
Clade
Related organisms descended from a common ancestor.
Clap
Gonorrhea, a bacterial infection transmitted by sexual contact. Gonorrhea is one of the oldest known sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In women infected with this bacteria (Neisseria gonorrhoeae), 25-40% will also be infected with another bacteria that can cause another STD called chlamydia. Gonorrhea is NOT transmitted from toilet seats. More than half of women infected with gonorrhea do not have any symptoms. If symptoms occur, they may include burning or frequent urination, yellowish vaginal discharge, redness and swelling of the genitals, and a burning or itching of the vaginal area. Untreated, gonorrhea can lead to severe pelvic infections.
Clark level of invasion
A method for determining the prognosis (outlook) with melanoma. The method was devised by the pathologist Wallace Clark and measures the depth of penetration of a melanoma into the skin according to anatomic layer.
Clasped thumbs and mental retardation
Claudication, intermittent
An aching, crampy, tired, and sometimes burning pain in the legs that comes and goes -- it typically occurs with walking and goes away with rest -- due to poor circulation of blood in the arteries of the legs. In very severe claudication the pain is also felt ar rest. Intermittent claudication may occur in one or both legs and often continues to worsen over time. However, some people complain only of weakness in the legs when walking or a feeling of "tiredness" in the buttocks. Impotence is an occasional complaint in men.
Claudication, venous
Limping and/or pain due to inadequate venous drainage, poor return of blood by the veins of the legs.
Cleft palate
An opening in the roof of the mouth (the palate) due to a failure of the palatal shelves to come fully together from either side of the mouth and fuse, as they normally should, during embryonic development.
Cleft palate prosthesis
A prosthetic device designed to close the opening left by a cleft in the palate and thereby to improve feeding and speech.
Cleft uvula
The uvula, the little V-shaped fleshy mass hanging from the back of the soft palate, is cleft. . Cleft uvula is a common minor anomaly occurring in about 1% of whites and 10% of Native Americans. Persons with a cleft uvula should not have their adenoids removed because, without the adenoids, they cannot achieve proper closure between the soft palate and pharynx while speaking and develop hypernasal speech. Also called bifid uvula.
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