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Circum-
Circum- Prefix meaning around, surrounding, or encircling. As in circumcision, circumflex, and circumjacent. From the Latin preposition circum meaning round.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Circumcision
The surgical removal of the sheath of skin (called a foreskin) that covers the head of the penis.
Circumflex
Curved like a bow. In anatomy, circumflex describes a structure that bends around like a bow. For example, the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Circadian
Fluctuating regularly on a time basis usually entrained to a metabolic, endocrine, neurochemical, light-dark, temperature, or seasonal cycle (see also diurnal, ultradian). There are very fast biorhythm cycles such as in the EEG and ECG, a 90-minute cycle seen in REM-NREM sleep or in waking attentive/alert-drowsy/inattentive swing, a twice daily body temperature peak and slump. a 24-hour ACTH cycle, a monthly menstrual cycle, and possibly longer seasonal cycles not yet thoroughly described.
Circadian rhythm
Biological timing and rhythmicity that, in humans, is characterised by cycles of approximately 24 hours. Synonym: biological clock.
Circanol
Circanol is a prescription or over-the-counter drug which is (or once was) approved in the United States and possibly in other countries. Active ingredient(s): ergoloid mesylates.
Circle of Willis
An arterial circle at the base of the brain that is of critical importance. The circle of Willis receives all the blood that is pumped up the two internal carotid arteries that come up the front of the neck and that is pumped from the basilar artery formed by the union of the two vertebral arteries that come up the back of the neck. All the principal arteries that supply cerebral hemispheres of the brain branch off from the circle of Willis.
Circular breathing
Inhaling through the nose and inflating the cheeks and neck with air at the same time.Some saxophone players do circular breathing; this may not be a safe practice since it may reduce blood flow to the brain.
Circulation
The flow of blood through the body. Includes the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries.
Circulation, fetal
The blood circulation in the fetus (the unborn baby). Before birth, the blood from the heart that is destined (in the pulmonary artery) for the lungs is shunted away from the lungs and returned to the greatest of arteries (the aorta). The shunt is through a short vessel called the ductus arteriosus. When this shunt is open, it is said to be a patent (pronounced pá tent) ductus arteriosus (PDA). The PDA usually closes at or shortly after birth and blood is permitted to course freely to the lungs.
Circulatory
Having to do with the circulation, the movement of fluid in a regular or circuitous course. Although the adjective "circulatory" need not necessarily refer to the circulation of the blood, for all practical purposes today it does. A circulatory problem is taken usually to be a problem with the blood circulation, for example with heart failure.
Circulatory system
Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels, and the circulation of blood.
Circumcision
The surgical removal of the sheath of skin (called a foreskin) that covers the head of the penis.
Circumflex
Curved like a bow. In anatomy, circumflex describes a structure that bends around like a bow. For example, the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery.
Circumscribed
Having a border, localized. Often associated with a capsule and benign tumors of the brain, for example, meningiomas, pituitary adenomas and acoustic neuromas. See diffuse.
Circumstantiality
Pattern of speech that is indirect and delayed in reaching its goal because of excessive or irrelevant detail or parenthetical remarks. The speaker does not lose the point, as is characteristic of loosening of associations, and clauses remain logically connected, but to the listener it seems that the end will never be reached.
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Cinacalcet
A drug that acts as a calcimimetic and that is marketed under the trade name Sensipar.
Circle of Willis
An arterial circle at the base of the brain that is of critical importance. The circle of Willis receives all the blood that is pumped up the two internal carotid arteries that come up the front of the neck and that is pumped from the basilar artery formed by the union of the two vertebral arteries that come up the back of the neck. All the principal arteries that supply cerebral hemispheres of the brain branch off from the circle of Willis.
Circular breathing
Inhaling through the nose and inflating the cheeks and neck with air at the same time.Some saxophone players do circular breathing; this may not be a safe practice since it may reduce blood flow to the brain.
Circulation, fetal
The blood circulation in the fetus (the unborn baby). Before birth, the blood from the heart that is destined (in the pulmonary artery) for the lungs is shunted away from the lungs and returned to the greatest of arteries (the aorta). The shunt is through a short vessel called the ductus arteriosus. When this shunt is open, it is said to be a patent (pronounced pá tent) ductus arteriosus (PDA). The PDA usually closes at or shortly after birth and blood is permitted to course freely to the lungs.
Circulatory
Having to do with the circulation, the movement of fluid in a regular or circuitous course. Although the adjective "circulatory" need not necessarily refer to the circulation of the blood, for all practical purposes today it does. A circulatory problem is taken usually to be a problem with the blood circulation, for example with heart failure.
Circum-
Circumflex
Curved like a bow. In anatomy, circumflex describes a structure that bends around like a bow. For example, the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery.
Cirrhosis and gray matter degeneration
A progressive disease of the nervous system characterized by spasticity (tightness), myoclonus and dementia and by liver problems with jaundice and cirrhosis.
Cisplatin
An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called platinum compounds. Cisplatin is used in the treatment of a wide range of malignancies, including advanced cancer of the ovary, testis, and bladder. Cisplatin is given intravenously. Its full chemical name is cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum.
Citrulline
A non-standard amino acid that is not normally present in protein. Citrulline is created in the body as an intermediate in the conversion of the amino acid ornithine to arginine in a metabolic pathway called the urea cycle.
Citrulline antibody
An antibody (an immune protein) directed against a circular peptide (a ring of amino acids) containing an unusual ("non-standard") amino acid called citrulline that is not normally present in peptides or proteins. (Citrulline is formed by the body as an intermediary in the conversion of the amino acid orthithine to arginine). The citrulline antibody provides the basis for a test of importance in rheumatoid arthritis.
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