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Caudate nucleus
Caudate nucleus In each hemisphere of the brain, the most medial of the four basal ganglia, partly responsible for body movement and coordination. So named because it looks anatomically tail-like.
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Hemisphere
As applied to the brain, either its left or its right half.
Brain
"That part of the central nervous system that is located within the cranium (skull). The brain functions as the primary receiver, organizer and distributor of information for the body. It has two (right and left) halves called ""hemispheres."" "
Medial
Anatomical term meaning on the inside (as opposed to lateral). Not to be confused with median (nerve) that is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome.
Ganglia
Clusters of cell bodies of neurons outside of the central nervous system.
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Cauda equina
A bundle of spinal nerve roots that arise from the bottom end of the spinal cord. The cauda equina comprises the roots of all the spinal nerve roots below the level of the first lumbar (L1) vertebra, namely the sacral and coccygeal nerves. So named because it resembles the tail (Latin, cauda) of a horse (Latin, equus). See also Cauda equina syndrome.
Cauda equina syndrome
Neurogenic claudication, resembling intermittent (arterial) claudication. Results from narrowing of the spinal canal (spinal stenosis).
Caudad
Toward the feet (or, in embryology, toward the tail), as opposed to cranial. The spinal cord is caudad to the brain.
Caudal
The anatomical term for towards the tail. i.e. the kidney is caudal to the shoulder. See Cranial/Superior/Inferior
Caudal anesthesia
Anesthesia produced by injection of a local anesthetic into the caudal canal, the sacral portion of the spinal canal. Caudal anesthesia is used to provide anesthesia and analgesia (pain relief) below the umbilicus. It may be the sole anesthetic or combined with general anesthesia. Also called caudal epidural anesthesia or a caudal block.
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Cancer, Hodgkin disease (adult)
A type of lymphoma (cancer of the lymphatic system). The most common symptom of Hodgkin disease is a painless swelling in the lymph nodes in the neck, underarm, or groin. Hodgkin disease is diagnosed when abnormal tissue is detected by a pathologist after a biopsy of an enlarged lymph node. Treatment usually includes radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Regular follow-up examinations are important after treatment for Hodgkin disease. Patients treated for Hodgkin disease have an increased risk of developing other types of cancer later in life, especially leukemia.
Cation
In chemistry, a positively charged ion. A cation is as opposed to an anion, which is a negatively charged ion.
Cauda equina
A bundle of spinal nerve roots that arise from the bottom end of the spinal cord. The cauda equina comprises the roots of all the spinal nerve roots below the level of the first lumbar (L1) vertebra, namely the sacral and coccygeal nerves. So named because it resembles the tail (Latin, cauda) of a horse (Latin, equus). See also Cauda equina syndrome.
Caudad
Toward the feet (or, in embryology, toward the tail), as opposed to cranial. The spinal cord is caudad to the brain.
Caudal anesthesia
Anesthesia produced by injection of a local anesthetic into the caudal canal, the sacral portion of the spinal canal. Caudal anesthesia is used to provide anesthesia and analgesia (pain relief) below the umbilicus. It may be the sole anesthetic or combined with general anesthesia. Also called caudal epidural anesthesia or a caudal block.
Caudate nucleus
Caul
In obstetrics, the caul is the amnion, one of the two fetal membranes, the other being the chorion. To be born in a caul meant to be born with the head covered by the amnion (or be born within an intact unruptured amnion). To be born in a caul was long believed to be a sign of future greatness.
Cauliflower-ear deformity
Destruction of the underlying cartilage framework of the outer ear (pinnae), usually caused by either infection or trauma, resulting in a thickening of the ear. Classically, blood collects (hematoma) between the ear cartilage and the skin. There is a marked thickening of the entire ear which may be so extensive that the shape of the ear becomes unrecognizable. The ear is said to look like a piece of cauliflower. It is typically seen in wrestlers and boxers who have had repeated trauma to the ear.
Caulophyllum thalictroides
Blue cohosh.
Causes of cancer
Cancer is a group of more than 100 different diseases. Benign tumors are not cancer; malignant tumors are cancer. Most cancers are named for the type of cell or the organ in which they begin. When cancer spreads (metastasizes), the new tumor has the same name as the original (primary) tumor. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer for both men and women. The second most common cancer in men is prostate cancer, in women it is breast cancer.
Cauterization
The use of heat to destroy abnormal cells. Also called diathermy or electrodiathermy.
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