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Calf bone
Calf bone Familiar name for the fibula, the lateral (outside) and smaller of the two long bones in the lower leg. The other bone in the lower leg is the tibia. The tibia bears weight; the fibula does not.
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Fibula
Smaller of the two bones in the lower leg; runs from the knee to the ankle along the outside of the lower leg.
Lateral
Toward the side, sideways.
Leg
The portion of the lower extremity between the knee and ankle.
Bone
Bone refers either to a hardened connective tissue or to one of the individual structures, or organs, into which it is formed, found in many animals. Bones support body structures, protect internal organs, and (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; are also involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage. The bones of an animal are, collectively, known as the skeleton.
Tibia
The segment of the leg between the femur and the tarsus.
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Calf
The belly or fleshy hind part of the leg below the knee.
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Calcium excess
Overly high intake of calcium that can result in elevated levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia). This can cause muscle weakness and constipation, affect the conduction of electrical impulses in the heart (heart block), lead to calcium stones in the urinary tract (nephrocalcinosis), impair kidney function, and interfere with the absorption of iron, predisposing to iron deficiency.
Calculi, renal
Kidney stones, by another name. A common cause of blood in the urine and pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. Occurs in 1 in 20 people at some time in their life. Development of the stones is related to decreased urine volume or increased excretion of stone-forming components such as calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine, and phosphate. The stones form in the urine collecting area (the pelvis) of the kidney and may range in size from tiny to staghorn stones the size of the renal pelvis itself . The pain is usually of sudden onset, very severe and colicky (intermittent), not improved by changes in position, radiating from the back, down the flank, and into the groin. Nausea and vomiting are common. Predisposing factors may include recent reduction in fluid intake, increased exercise with dehydration, medications that cause hyperuricemia (high uric acid) and a history of gout. Treatment includes relief of pain, hydration and, if there is concurrent urinary infection, antibiotics. The majority of stones pass spontaneously within 48 hours. However, some stones may not. There are several factors which influence the ability to pass a stone. These include the size of the person, prior stone passage, prostate enlargement, pregnancy, and the size of the stone. A 4 mm stone has an 80% chance of passage while a 5 mm stone has a 20% chance. If a stone does not pass, urologic intervention may be needed. The process of stone formation is also called nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis.
Calculus, renal
A stone in the kidney (or lower down in the urinary tract). Also called a kidney stone. The stones themselves are called renal caluli.
Calefacient
1. (noun) Anything that warms. 2. (noun) A substance that produces a feeling of warmth when it is applied to the body. 3. (adjective) Producing warmth; heating.
Calf
The belly or fleshy hind part of the leg below the knee.
Calf bone
Calicivirus
A group of viruses belonging to the family Caliciviridae.
Calipers
A metal or plastic tool similar to a compass used to measure the diameter of an object. The skin fold thickness in several parts of the body can be measured with skin calipers to determine the lean body mass. This may be done in medicine, physical anthropology, health clubs, and athletic facilities.
CALLA
Common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen.
Callosity
Synonymous with callus. Both callus and callosity are derived from the Latin callum meaning thick skin.
Calor
Heat, one of the four classic signs of inflammation (together with dolor, rubor and tumor).
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