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CCR5
CCR5 A chemokine receptor found on monocytes and lymphocytes that serves as the coreceptor for HIV. HIV strains that use this coreceptor are referred to as R5 viruses. Polymorphisms in the coding and non-coding regions of the CCR5 gene influence the natural history of HIV infection. CCR5 (or CCCR5) stands for the CC chemokine receptor 5.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Chemokine
One of a large group of proteins that act as lures and were first found attracting white blood cells. The chemokines are involved in a wide variety of processes including acute and chronic types of inflammation, infectious diseases, and cancer. Chemokines may lure cancer cells and help determine the sites to which cancer cells spread by metastasis.
Receptor
A molecule that recognizes a unique hormone. Once that hormone is bound to the receptor, the information carried by the hormone can now exert its biological action.
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. Species of lentivirus, subgenus primate lentiviruses (lentiviruses, primate), formerly designated T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). It is acknowledged to be the agent responsible for the acute infectious manifestations, neurologic disorders, and immunologic abnormalities linked to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
CCR5
A chemokine receptor found on monocytes and lymphocytes that serves as the coreceptor for HIV. HIV strains that use this coreceptor are referred to as R5 viruses. Polymorphisms in the coding and non-coding regions of the CCR5 gene influence the natural history of HIV infection. CCR5 (or CCCR5) stands for the CC chemokine receptor 5.
Gene
1. A unit of DNA that carries information for the biosynthesis of a specific product in the cell. 2. Ultimate unit by which inheritable characteristics are transmitted to succeeding generations in all living organisms. Genes are contained by, and arranged along the length of, the chromosome. The gene is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Each chromosome of each species has a definite number and arrangement of genes, which govern both the structure and metabolic functions of the cells and thus of the entire organism.
Natural
Not human-induced or manmade.
Infection
Anything that invades the body and reproduces. Infections can be bacteria, protozoa, fungi, or viruses. Bacteria and fungi are one celled creatures that cause many infections including strep throat, bladder infections, and some lung infections. Fungi cause “athlete’s foot” and thrush, an infection in the mouth. Protozoa are small organisms with many cells that can cause infections in the guts or in the lungs. Most healthy people do not get protozoal infections, but people with suppressed immune systems can. Viruses are not really organisms; they are tiny particles that can live only inside another cell. They reproduce by taking over a cell and causing that cell to make more virus particles, rather than doing what the cell is supposed to do. Viruses cause most colds and flu cases.
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Cavernous sinus syndrome
A cavernous sinus thrombosis is a blood clot within the cavernous sinus, a large channel of venous blood in a cavity bordered by the sphenoid bone and the temporal bone of the skull.
Cavities
Holes in the two outer layers of a tooth called the enamel and the dentin. The enamel is the outermost white hard surface and the dentin is the yellow layer just beneath enamel. Both layers serve to protect the inner living tooth tissue called the pulp, where blood vessels and nerves reside. Small cavities may not cause pain, and may be unnoticed by the patient. Larger cavities can collect food, and the inner pulp of the affected tooth can become irritated by bacterial toxins, foods that are cold, hot, sour, or sweet - causing toothache. Also referred to as caries.
Cavity, abdominal
The cavity within the abdomen, the space between the abdominal wall and the spine.
CBT
Cognitive behavior therapy.
CCHF
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.
CCR5
CD10
A cell surface enzyme with neutral metalloendopeptidase activity. CD10 is also known as CALLA (common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen). It serves as a marker for the common form of ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia) as well as for Burkitt lymphoma and follicular germinal center lymphoma. CD10/CALLA is normally present on the surface of early lymphoid cells as well as on a number of other types of normal cells, such as especially cells in the kidney.
CD4
A large glycoprotein molecule found on the surface of T lymphocytes that serves as the receptor for HIV.
CD40
A receptor molecule on the cell surface of all mature B cells (B lymphocytes), most B-cell malignancies, and monocytes, dendritic cells (in the nervous system), endothelial cells (within blood vessels), and epithelial cells. CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Together with CD40 ligand, the molecule that binds to it, CD40 is an important contributor to the inflammatory processes that lead to atherosclerosis and thrombosis (clotting). The gene encoding CD40 is on chromosome 20.
CDNA
Complementary DNA. cDNA is single-stranded DNA made in the laboratory from a messenger RNA template under the aegis of the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This form of DNA is often used as a probe in the physical mapping of a chromosome.
CEA assay
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein found in many types of cells but associated with tumors and the developing fetus.
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