Blot, Northern

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Blot, Northern

Blot, Northern

A technique in molecular biology, used mainly to separate and identify pieces of RNA.

RELATED TERMS
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Molecular
Refers to the basic building blocks of the genetic material, such as DNA, genes and the other chemicals involved with the functioning of genes.

RNA
Ribonucleic acid. A long-chain, usually single-stranded. The primary function of RNA is protein synthesis within a cell. However, RNA is involved in various ways in the processes of expression and repression of hereditary information. The three main functionally distinct varieties of RNA molecules are: (1) messenger RNA (mRNA) which is involved in the transmission of DNA information, (2) ribosomal RNa (rRNA) which makes up the physical machinery of the synthetic process, and (3) transfer RNA (tRNA) which also constitutes another functional part of the machinery of protein synthesis.

SIMILAR TERMS
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Blot, Southern
A test commonly used in molecular biology and genetics, the purpose of the test being to check for a match between DNA molecules.

Blot, Western
A technique in molecular biology, used to separate and identify proteins.

PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS
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Blood urea nitrogen
Abbreviated BUN. A measure primarily of the urea level in blood. Urea is cleared by the kidney. Diseases that compromise the function of the kidney frequently lead to an increased BUN.

Blood, urinary
Medically called hematuria, blood in the urine can be microscopic or gross. Evaluating hematuria requires consideration of the entire urinary tract. Tests used for the diagnosis of hematuria include the intravenous pyelogram (IVP), cystoscopy, and urine cytology. Management of hematuria depends upon the underlying cause.

Blood-thinner
A common name for an anticoagulant agent used to prevent the formation of blood clots. Blood-thinners do not really thin the blood. They prevent it from clotting.

Bloody nose
"The nose is a part of the body that is very rich in blood vessels (vascular) and is situated in a vulnerable position on the face. As a result, any trauma to the face can cause bleeding which may be profuse. Nosebleeds can occur spontaneously when the nasal membranes dry out, crust, and crack, as is common in dry climates, or during the winter months when the air is dry and warm from household heaters. People are more susceptible if they are taking medications which prevent normal blood clotting (Coumadin, warfarin, aspirin, or any anti-inflammatory medication). Other predisposing factors include infection, trauma, allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, hypertension, alcohol abuse, and inherited bleeding problems. To stop a nosebleed, you should: 1. Pinch all the soft parts of the nose together between your thumb and index finger. 2. Press firmly toward the face - compressing the pinched parts of the nose against the bones of the face. 3. Hold the nose for at least 5 minutes (timed by the clock). Repeat as necessary until the nose has stopped bleeding. 4. Sit quietly, keeping the head higher than the level of the heart; that is, sit up or lie with the head elevated. Do not lay flat or put your head between your legs. 5. Apply ice (crushed in a plastic bag or washcloth) to nose and cheeks. "

Bloody sputum
Spitting up blood or bloody mucus. Bloody sputum can come from common forms of infection in the lungs and airways, such as acute bronchitis or pneumonia. Whenever bloody sputum is present and cannot be attributed to one of these curable conditions, a complete lung evaluation is warranted, including bronchoscopy. Bloody sputum is also referred to as hemoptysis.

Blot, Northern

Blot, Southern
A test commonly used in molecular biology and genetics, the purpose of the test being to check for a match between DNA molecules.

Blot, Western
A technique in molecular biology, used to separate and identify proteins.

Blue baby operation
A surgical procedure for a baby who is cyanotic (blue) due to a heart malformation that prevents blood from being fully oxygenated. The bluish color reflects the deoxygenated state of the blood. The surgery is designed to palliate or ideally correct the heart defect and relieve the cyanosis.

Blue cohosh
(Caulophyllum thalictroides). A tall North American perennial plant with large blue berries. Blue cohosh is sold as an herbal dietary supplement that can induce labor. Blue cohosh contains the glycosides caulosaponin and caulophyllosaponin, which cause uterine contraction and constriction of the coronary arteries in experimental animals. There is considerable concern about the medical safety of blue cohosh. Newborn babies have been reported who have had a heart attack or stroke after the mother took blue cohosh to induce labor.

Blueberry root
See: Blue cohosh.

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