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Blinded medications
Blinded medications
Products that appear identical in size, shape, colour, flavour, and other attributes to make it very difficult for subjects and investigators to determine which medication is being administered.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Blind
1. Unable to see. Without part or all of the sense of sight.2. In a clinical trial, not to know the treatment given or received. The participant is not told whether they are in the experimental or control arm of the study. Also called masked.
Blind review
The checking and assessment of data during the period of time between trial completion (the last observation on the last subject) and the breaking of the blind, for the purpose of finalising the planned analysis.
Blind spot
The location where optic nerve fibers leave the retina. This area has no photoreceptors and therefore no visual input. The cortex appears to fill-in this missing information so we are not conscious of the blind spot.
Blind study
One in which the subject or the investigator (or both) are unaware of what trial product a subject is taking. See also double-blind study, single-blind study, triple-blind study.
Blinded study
A study done in such a way that the patients or subjects do not know (is blinded as to) what treatment they are receiving to ensure that the results are not affected by a placebo effect (the power of suggestion).
Blinding/masking
A procedure in which one or more parties to the trial are kept unaware of the treatment assignments. Single-blinding usually refers to the subject(s) being unaware, and doubleblinding usually refers to the subject(s), investigators, monitor, and, in some cases, data analyst(s) being unaware of the treatment assignments.
Blindness
Legal blindness is defined as: 1) visual acuity of 20/200 (only being able to see the big E on the eye chart) or less in the best eye even with the eyes corrected by glasses or contact lenses; or, 2) The peripheral visual field is reduced to 20 degrees of visual angle or less. Twenty degrees of visual angle is about the size of a one foot ruler held at arms length.
Blindness, legal
See: Legal blindness.
Blindness, night
Impaired vision in dim light and in the dark, due to impaired function of specific vision cells (namely, the rods) in the retina.
Blindsight
A phenomenon reported in individuals suffering from cortical blindness (i.e. damage to the primary visual cortex resulting in blindness). Individuals with blindsight report that they are unable to see, yet under forced choice conditions are able to indicate the presence and location of visually presented objects.
Blink rate
The number of times per minute that the eyelid automatically closes -- normally 10 to 30 per minute.
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Between-subject variation
In a parallel trial design, differences between subjects are used to assess treatment differences.
Bioavailability
Rate and extent to which a drug is absorbed or is otherwise available to the treatment site in the body.
Bioequivalence
Scientific basis on which generic and brand-name drugs are compared. To be considered bioequivalent, the bioavailability of two products must not differ significantly when the two products are given in studies at the same dosage under similar conditions.
Biostatistics
Application of statistics to biological and medical problems.
Blind review
The checking and assessment of data during the period of time between trial completion (the last observation on the last subject) and the breaking of the blind, for the purpose of finalising the planned analysis.
Blinded medications
Blind study
One in which the subject or the investigator (or both) are unaware of what trial product a subject is taking. See also double-blind study, single-blind study, triple-blind study.
Blinding/masking
A procedure in which one or more parties to the trial are kept unaware of the treatment assignments. Single-blinding usually refers to the subject(s) being unaware, and doubleblinding usually refers to the subject(s), investigators, monitor, and, in some cases, data analyst(s) being unaware of the treatment assignments.
Blood agar
A mixture of blood and nutrient agar, used for the cultivation of many medically important microorganisms.
Brucella
A genus of encapsulated, nonmotile bacteria (family Brucellaceae) containing short, rod-shaped to coccoid, Gram-negative cells. These organisms are parasitic, invading all animal tissues and causing infection of the genital organs, the mammary gland, and the respiratory and intestinal tracts, and are pathogenic for man and various species of domestic animals. They do not produce gas from carbohydrates.
Bulla
A large blister appearing as a circumscribed area of separation of the epidermis from the subepidermal structure (subepidermal bulla) or as a circumscribed area of separation of epidermal cells (intraepidermal bulla) caused by the presence of serum, or occasionally by an injected substance.
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