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Basal nuclei
Basal nuclei "A region located at the base of the brain composed of 4 clusters of neurons, or nerve cells. This area of the brain is responsible for body movement and coordination. The groups of neurons most prominently and consistently affected in Huntington disease -- the pallidum and striatum -- are located in the basal nuclei. (The pallidum is composed of structures called the globus pallidus and the ventral pallidum while the striatum consists of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and ventral striatum.) The basal nuclei are also called the basal ganglia. The term ""basal"" refers to the location of these collections of neurons (nuclei or ganglia) deep within the brain, seemingly at its very base."
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Base
A chemical compound that either donates hydroxide ions or absorbs hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Bases and acids are referred to as opposites because the effect of an acid is to increase the hydronium ion concentration in water, whereas bases reduce this concentration. Arrhenius bases are water-soluble and always have a pH greater than 7 in solution.
Brain
"That part of the central nervous system that is located within the cranium (skull). The brain functions as the primary receiver, organizer and distributor of information for the body. It has two (right and left) halves called ""hemispheres."" "
Nerve
Tissue that conveys sensation, temperature, position information to the brain.
Disease
Illness or sickness often characterized by typical patient problems (symptoms) and physical findings (signs). Disruption sequence: The events that occur when a fetus that is developing normally is subjected to a destructive agent such as the rubella (German measles) virus.
Striatum
Part of the basal ganglia, it is a large cluster of nerve cells, consisting of the caudate nucleus and the putamen, that controls movement, balance, and walking; the neurons of the striatum require dopamine to function.
Nuclei
See nucleus.
Nucleus
Plural: nuclei. The compartment of a cell that contains the chromosomes.
Ganglia
Clusters of cell bodies of neurons outside of the central nervous system.
Deep
In anatomy, away from the surface or further into the body. As opposed to superficial. The bones are deep to the skin.
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Basal body temperature
Temperature of a person's body taken first thing in the morning after several hours of sleep and before any activity, including getting out of bed or talking; often charted to determine the time of ovulation.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
The most common non-melanoma skin cancer. It begins in the lowest layer of the epidermis, called the basal cell layer. It usually develops on sun-exposed areas, especially the head and neck. Basal cell cancer is slow-growing and is not likely to spread to distant parts of the body. A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). More than 95% of these carcinomas occur in patients over 40. They develop on hairbearing skin, most commonly on sunexposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs.
Basal cell nevus syndrome
The Gorlin syndrome.
Basal cells
Small, round cells found in the lower part, or base, of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin.
Basal ganglia
Several large clusters of nerve cells, including the striatum and the substantia nigra, deep in the brain below the cerebral hemispheres.
Basal metabolic rate
A measure of the rate of metabolism. For example, someone with an overly active thyroid will have an elevated basal metabolic rate.
Basal Rate
Refers to a continuous supply of low levels of insulin, as in insulin pump therapy.
Basal thermometer
Colloquially used as a synonym for basal temperature. Any thermometer can be used to take the basal temperature, although special digital thermometers that are capable of storing and tracking basal temperatures over a period of time are available.
Basal/Bolus Insulin Administration
Using several daily injections of fast-acting insulin (e.g., NovoLog, Humalog, or Regular), at mealtimes -- the bolus doses -- together with one or more daily injections of long acting insulin (e.g., Lantus, UltraLente, or NPH) -- the basal doses -- to achieve blood sugar control in a manner similar to that used by people who use insulin pumps.
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Bartonella quintana
Also called Rochalimaea quintana, this microorganism is an unusual rickettsia that can multiply within the gut of the body louse and then can be transmitted to humans. Transmission to people can occur by rubbing infected louse feces into abraded (scuffed) skin or into the conjunctivae (whites of the eyes).
Bartter syndrome
A group of disorders that are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and are characterized by impaired salt reabsorption by the kidney with pronounced salt wasting, hypokalemia (low blood potassium), alkalosis (an alkaline body pH), and hypercalciuria (high urine calcium).
Basal cell nevus syndrome
The Gorlin syndrome.
Basal cells
Small, round cells found in the lower part, or base, of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin.
Basal metabolic rate
A measure of the rate of metabolism. For example, someone with an overly active thyroid will have an elevated basal metabolic rate.
Basal nuclei
Basal thermometer
Colloquially used as a synonym for basal temperature. Any thermometer can be used to take the basal temperature, although special digital thermometers that are capable of storing and tracking basal temperatures over a period of time are available.
Base excision repair
A process of DNA repair in which an altered base is excised (removed) by a DNA glycosylase enzyme, followed by excision of the resulting sugar phosphate. The small gap left in the DNA helix is then filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Abbreviated BER.
Base in DNA
A unit of the DNA. There are 4 bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). The sequence of bases (for example, CAG) is the genetic code.
Base of tongue
The back third of the tongue. In contrast to the anterior tongue, which is the front two-thirds of the tongue. The distinction between the anterior and base of the tongue reflects the fact that they are of different embryological origin. The distinction also matters as regards cancer. See: Tongue cancer.
Base pair
Two DNA bases complementary to one another (A and T or G and C) that join the complementary strands of DNA to form the double helix characteristic of DNA.
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