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Basal ganglia
Basal ganglia Several large clusters of nerve cells, including the striatum and the substantia nigra, deep in the brain below the cerebral hemispheres.
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Nerve
Tissue that conveys sensation, temperature, position information to the brain.
Striatum
Part of the basal ganglia, it is a large cluster of nerve cells, consisting of the caudate nucleus and the putamen, that controls movement, balance, and walking; the neurons of the striatum require dopamine to function.
Deep
In anatomy, away from the surface or further into the body. As opposed to superficial. The bones are deep to the skin.
Brain
"That part of the central nervous system that is located within the cranium (skull). The brain functions as the primary receiver, organizer and distributor of information for the body. It has two (right and left) halves called ""hemispheres."" "
Cerebral
Referring to the cerebrum.
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Basal body temperature
Temperature of a person's body taken first thing in the morning after several hours of sleep and before any activity, including getting out of bed or talking; often charted to determine the time of ovulation.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
The most common non-melanoma skin cancer. It begins in the lowest layer of the epidermis, called the basal cell layer. It usually develops on sun-exposed areas, especially the head and neck. Basal cell cancer is slow-growing and is not likely to spread to distant parts of the body. A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). More than 95% of these carcinomas occur in patients over 40. They develop on hairbearing skin, most commonly on sunexposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs.
Basal cell nevus syndrome
The Gorlin syndrome.
Basal cells
Small, round cells found in the lower part, or base, of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin.
Basal metabolic rate
A measure of the rate of metabolism. For example, someone with an overly active thyroid will have an elevated basal metabolic rate.
Basal nuclei
"A region located at the base of the brain composed of 4 clusters of neurons, or nerve cells. This area of the brain is responsible for body movement and coordination. The groups of neurons most prominently and consistently affected in Huntington disease -- the pallidum and striatum -- are located in the basal nuclei. (The pallidum is composed of structures called the globus pallidus and the ventral pallidum while the striatum consists of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and ventral striatum.) The basal nuclei are also called the basal ganglia. The term ""basal"" refers to the location of these collections of neurons (nuclei or ganglia) deep within the brain, seemingly at its very base."
Basal Rate
Refers to a continuous supply of low levels of insulin, as in insulin pump therapy.
Basal thermometer
Colloquially used as a synonym for basal temperature. Any thermometer can be used to take the basal temperature, although special digital thermometers that are capable of storing and tracking basal temperatures over a period of time are available.
Basal/Bolus Insulin Administration
Using several daily injections of fast-acting insulin (e.g., NovoLog, Humalog, or Regular), at mealtimes -- the bolus doses -- together with one or more daily injections of long acting insulin (e.g., Lantus, UltraLente, or NPH) -- the basal doses -- to achieve blood sugar control in a manner similar to that used by people who use insulin pumps.
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Bone marrow
The body's `factory' for three types of blood cells: leukocytes (white blood cells) which help fight infection; erythrocytes (red blood cells) which carry oxygen throughout the body; and thrombocytes (platelets) which cause blood clotting.
Bone marrow aspiration
The removal and examination of bone marrow cells.
Bone marrow donor
A person who donates healthy bone marrow to a patient who has had high-dose cancer treatment. The patient is given the donor's healthy marrow during a bone marrow transplant.
Bone marrow harvest
A procedure to collect healthy bone marrow which will be stored and used in a future bone marrow transplant.
Bone marrow transplant (BMT)
A procedure to replace a patient's diseased or treatment-damaged bone marrow with healthy marrow. The new marrow can be marrow that has been previously removed from the patient and stored until needed (autologous transplant); or marrow that is donated either from a genetically matched relative or unrelated donor (allogeneic transplant) or from the patient's genetically identical twin (syngeneic transplant).
Basal ganglia
Bell's palsy
An unexplained episode of facial muscle weakness or paralysis that begins suddenly and steadily worsens.
Blink rate
The number of times per minute that the eyelid automatically closes -- normally 10 to 30 per minute.
Blood-brain barrier
The protective membrane that separates circulating blood from brain cells.
Bradykinesia
Slowness of movement.
Bradyphrenia
Slowness of thought processes.
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