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Au pair
Au pair A foreign national who lives with an American family for up to a year, and in exchange for room, board, and a small stipend, helps with childcare and housework. She may or may not have any previous experience caring for children, unlike nannies, who usually do.
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Family
1. A group of individuals related by blood or marriage or by a feeling of closeness. 2. A biological classification of related plants or animals that is a division below the order and above the genus. 3. A group of genes related in structure and in function that descended from an ancestral gene. 4. A group of gene products similarly related in structure and function and of shared genetic descent. 5. Parents and their children. The most fundamental social group in humans.
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Autoimmune disorder
Or autoimmune disease. A category of diseases and disorders in which one's own cells are mistakenly identified as "foreign" by the body and are therefore attacked by the immune system, causing tissue damage.
Afterbirth
A common term for the placenta after it has been delivered.
Anencephaly
A rare birth defect resulting in little or no brain and a malformed skull.
Anterior position
When the baby faces the back of the mother's pelvis in utero and/or during labor.
Apgar score
The first test most babies are given (at one and five minutes after birth). Assesses five basic indicators of health: respiration, pulse, activity level, response to stimulation, and appearance.
Au pair
Absorption spectrum
The relationship between the wavelength of light striking a pigment and how strongly the light is absorbed.
Accessory oculomotor nucleus
Receives input from the pretectal area, innervates the ciliary ganglion. Mediates pupillary light reflexes.
Accessory optic system (AOS)
Region of the vertebrate midbrain to which some optic nerve fibers project. Cells respond to large slowly moving textured patterns and are selective for both direction and speed of motion suggesting they are involved in the computation of global motion. Possibly used for the detection of retinal slip and used in image stabilization. Consists of two sets of retina ganglion cell fibers and three target nuclei in the anterior portion of the midbrain, the dorsal, medial and lateral nuclei.
Accidental view
A special view of an object in which small perturbations in lighting or viewing direction drastically change its appearance. For example, imagine looking at a pencil straight on from the tip. (As opposed to Generic View).
Acuity
The highest spatial frequency rsolvable with a grating of unity contrast (i.e. the maximum possibly contrast).
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