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Adult stem cell
Adult stem cell An undifferentiated cell found in a differentiated tissue in an adult organism that can renew itself and can (with certain limitations) differentiate to yield all the specialized cell types of the tissue from which it originated.
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Undifferentiated
Not having developed into a specialized cell or tissue type.
Cell
Fundamental structural unit of all life. The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
Differentiated
Having developed into a specialized cell or tissue type
.
Tissue
Biological tissue is a group of cells that perform a similar function.The study of tissues is known as histology, or, in connection with disease, histopathology.The classical tools for studying the tissues are the wax block, the tissue stain, and the optical microscope, though developments in electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and frozen sections have all added to the sum of knowledge in the last couple of decades.
Organism
A living thing, such as an animal, a plant, a bacterium, or a fungus.
Differentiate
The process cells undergo as they mature into normal cells. Differentiated cells have distinctive characteristics, perform specific functions, and are less likely to divide. See dedifferentiate, undifferentiated.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Adult acne
Popular name for rosacea. For more information, see: Rosacea.
Adult primary liver cancer
A tumor in which the cancer starts during adulthood in cells in the liver. Also called hepatocellular carcinoma. Primary liver cancer is different from cancer that has metastasized (spread) from another place in the body to the liver.
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
Better known as ARDS. See: ARDS.
Adult T-cell leukemia
"Abbreviated ATL. A malignancy of mature T lymphocytes (T cells) with its onset in adulthood caused by infection with the human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) and characterized by circulating malignant T-lymphocytes, skin lesions, lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes), hepatosplenomegaly (enlarged liver and spleen), hypercalcemia (high blood calcium), lytic (""punched out"") bone lesions, and a tendency to infection. There are four categories of ATL, based on the aggressiveness of the disease -- smoldering, chronic, lymphoma, and acute. The disease is also called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and adult T-cell lymphoma. See also: Human T-lymphotropic virus."
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
See: Adult T-cell leukemia.
Adult T-cell lymphoma
See: Adult T-cell leukemia.
Adult-onset diabetes
Type 2 diabetes. See also Diabetes, type 2.
Adult-Onset Diabetes
Former term for Type 2 diabetes.
Adult-onset Still disease
"Although Still disease was first described in children, it is known to begin in adults (rarely). Of all patients with Still disease, 100% have high intermittent fever; 100% have joint inflammation and pain, muscle pain with fevers, and develop persistent chronic arthritis. Ninety-five percent (95%) have the faint salmon-colored skin rash. Eighty-five percent (85%) have swelling of the lymph glands or enlargement of the spleen and liver; and 85% have a marked increase in the white blood cell count. Sixty percent (60%) have inflammation of the lungs (pleuritis) or around the heart (pericarditis). Forty percent (40%) have severe anemia. And twenty percent (20%) have abdominal pain. "
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Atrium
Atria pl. One of two upper chambers in the heart.
Atrophic gastritis
Chronic irritation of the stomach lining. Causes the stomach lining and glands to wither away.
Autoimmune hepatitis
A liver disease caused when the body's immune system destroys liver cells for no known reason.
Allergen extract
A fluid containing allergens extracted from natural sources (e.g. trees, grass, cat hair and dander) to a defined standard, quality and quantity. Used in specific allergy vaccination, skin prick tests, provocation tests and in vitro tests.
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
A phenomenon in which target cells, coated with antibody, are destroyed by specialized killer cells (NK cells and macrophages), which bear receptors for the Fc portion of the coating antibody (Fc receptors). These receptors allow the killer cells to bind to the anti-body-coated target.
Adult stem cell
Artificial insemination (AI)
Or Donor insemination (DI. )Deposition of sperm from a male donor inside a female reproductive tract for the purpose of achieving pregnancy.
Andrology
The science dealing with the structures, functions, and disorders of the male reproductive system.
Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs)
Fertility treatments or procedures that involve laboratory handling of gametes (eggs and sperm) or embryos. Examples of ARTs include in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
Autoimmune disease
Or autoimmune disorder. A category of diseases and disorders in which one's own cells are mistakenly identified as "foreign" by the body and are therefore attacked by the immune system, causing tissue damage.
Autoimmune disorder
Or autoimmune disease. A category of diseases and disorders in which one's own cells are mistakenly identified as "foreign" by the body and are therefore attacked by the immune system, causing tissue damage.
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