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Adams-Stokes disease
Adams-Stokes disease "Sudden collapse into unconsciousness due to a disorder of heart rhythm in which there is a slow or absent pulse resulting in syncope (fainting) with or without convulsions. In this condition, the normal heartbeat passing from the upper chambers of the heart to the lower chambers is interrupted. This results in a condition called a ""heart block."" When a heart block occurs, the heart rate usually slows considerably. This can cause inadequate blood flow to the brain and result in fainting. This condition goes by a baffling number of names including the Adams-Stokes, Morgagni, Morgagni-Adams-Stokes, Spens syndrome, and Stokes-Adams disease or syndrome. Roberts Adams (1791-1875) and William Stokes (1804-1878) were Irish physicians. Stokes is also remembered for Cheyne-Stokes respiration, a pattern of breathing characteristically seen in coma. Thomas Spens (1764-1842) was a Scottish physician. Giovanni Battista Morgagni (1682-1771) was an Italian anatomist and pathologist. Although Adams, Stokes, and Spens did describe the syndrome (separately) in the early 19th century, the first description was, in fact, recorded in 1761 by Morgagni. All of these eponyms are now declining in use as our understanding of the disease process advances. The preferred name is cardiovascular syncope."
RELATED TERMS--------------------------------------
Heart
The hollow, muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the circulatory system.
Pulse
The heartbeat as felt through the walls of an artery.
Syncope
Light-headedness or fainting caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain.
Condition
The term "condition" has a number of biomedical meanings including the following: 1.An unhealthy state, such as in "this is a progressive condition." 2.A state of fitness, such as "getting into condition." 3.Something that is essential to the occurrence of something else; essentially a "precondition." 4.As a verb: to cause a change in something so that a response that was previously associated with a certain stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus; to condition a person, as in behavioral conditioning.
Blood
The life-maintaining fluid which is made up of plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets; blood circulates through the body's heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries; it carries away waste matter and carbon dioxide, and brings nourishment, electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, antibodies, heat, and oxygen to the tissues.
Brain
"That part of the central nervous system that is located within the cranium (skull). The brain functions as the primary receiver, organizer and distributor of information for the body. It has two (right and left) halves called ""hemispheres."" "
Syndrome
A grouping of signs and symptoms, based on their frequent co-occurrence, that may suggest a common underlying pathogenesis, course, familial pattern, or treatment selection.
Disease
Illness or sickness often characterized by typical patient problems (symptoms) and physical findings (signs). Disruption sequence: The events that occur when a fetus that is developing normally is subjected to a destructive agent such as the rubella (German measles) virus.
Respiration
The act or process of breathing. The process by which a living organism or cell takes in oxygen from the air or water and uses it.
Breathing
The process of respiration, during which air is inhaled into the lungs through the mouth or nose due to muscle contraction, and then exhaled due to muscle relaxation.
Coma
A sleep-like state; not conscious. May be due to a high or low level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
Physician
A doctor. An authorized practitioner of medicine.
Pathologist
A physician trained in the nature, cause, process and effects of disease; examines samples of tissue removed during surgery to determine an exact diagnosis.
Cardiovascular
Of, relating to, or involving the heart and the blood vessels.
SIMILAR TERMS--------------------------------------
Adam
A street name for 3-4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine. See: Ecstasy.
Adam and Eve principle
In embryological development and subsequently, the principle that nature's primary template is that which differentiates a female, and that something must be added to induce the differentiation of a male.
Adam principle
In fetal life, the differentiation of a male requires that something be added, in particular Müllerian duct Inhibiting Substance (MIS) and testosterone. Partial or complete differentiation otherwise takes place, regardless of chromosomal sex
Adam Road Hospital
The Adam Road Hospital is a hospital in Singapore.
Adamantine
In dentistry, relating to the enamel of the teeth. Adamantine comes from the Greek and Latin word adamas which applied to substances having the hardness or luster of a diamond. Adamantine figuratively means unyielding and inflexible.
Adams County Hospital
The Adams County Hospital is a hospital in West Union, Ohio, United States.
Adamstown doctors
All doctors near Adamstown, Pitcairn. Doctors who can assist a patient in Adamstown.
ADAMTS2
"A gene that encodes a metalloproteinase enzyme. This enzyme is responsible for processing type I, type II, and type V procollagen proteins. Procollagens are the precursors of collagens, the proteins that add strength and support to many body tissues. Specifically, this enzyme clips a short chain of amino acids off of one end of the procollagen. The clipping step is necessary for proper assembly and function of collagen molecules. Mutations in the ADAMTS2 gene have been identified in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, dermatosparaxis type. These mutations greatly reduce the production of the enzyme made by ADAMTS2. Procollagen cannot be processed correctly without this enzyme. As a result, type I collagen fibrils are not assembled properly; they appear ribbon-like and disorganized under the microscope. Cross-links, or chemical interactions, between collagen fibrils are also affected. These defects weaken connective tissue, particularly in the skin, which causes the symptoms of the disorder. The ADAMTS2 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 5 at the end (terminal) of the arm. ADAMTS2 stands for A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 2."
PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS--------------------------------------
Acute-phase reactant
See: Acute-phase protein.
Acyclovir
"(Brand name: Zovirax) One of a group of antiviral drugs that acts against the herpes viruses, including: Herpes simplex 1 which causes cold sores; Herpes simplex 2 which causes genital herpes; Varicella-zoster which causes both chickenpox and shingles; Epstein-Barr virus which causes infectious mononucleosis; Acyclovir inhibits the replication of viral DNA needed to reproduce itself. Virally infected cells absorb more acyclovir than normal cells and convert more of it to an active form which prolongs its antiviral activity where it is most needed. Acyclovir may reduce the severity and duration of a shingles attack if given soon after the onset of symptoms.
Ad-
"Latin prefix meaning ""toward"" and ""in the direction of,"" as in adduction (movement of a limb toward the midline of the body), adhesion, and adrenal (toward the kidney)."
Adam
A street name for 3-4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine. See: Ecstasy.
Adamantine
In dentistry, relating to the enamel of the teeth. Adamantine comes from the Greek and Latin word adamas which applied to substances having the hardness or luster of a diamond. Adamantine figuratively means unyielding and inflexible.
Adams-Stokes disease
ADAMTS2
"A gene that encodes a metalloproteinase enzyme. This enzyme is responsible for processing type I, type II, and type V procollagen proteins. Procollagens are the precursors of collagens, the proteins that add strength and support to many body tissues. Specifically, this enzyme clips a short chain of amino acids off of one end of the procollagen. The clipping step is necessary for proper assembly and function of collagen molecules. Mutations in the ADAMTS2 gene have been identified in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, dermatosparaxis type. These mutations greatly reduce the production of the enzyme made by ADAMTS2. Procollagen cannot be processed correctly without this enzyme. As a result, type I collagen fibrils are not assembled properly; they appear ribbon-like and disorganized under the microscope. Cross-links, or chemical interactions, between collagen fibrils are also affected. These defects weaken connective tissue, particularly in the skin, which causes the symptoms of the disorder. The ADAMTS2 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 5 at the end (terminal) of the arm. ADAMTS2 stands for A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 2."
Adapter protein
A protein acts as a connecting molecule. An adapter protein is critical to intermolecular interactions and plays a role in the regulation of signal transduction initiated by engagement of surface receptors on all cell types. Some adapter proteins are expressed in all tissues, while the expression of other adapter proteins is restricted to specific tissues.
ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotox.)
An immune response in which antibodies, by coating target cells, makes them vulnerable to attack by immune cells. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity is commonly (and blissfully) abbreviated ADCC.
ADD (attention deficit disorder)
"An inability to control behavior due to difficulty in processing neural stimuli. In November, 1998 the National Institutes of Health (NIH) issued a consensus report developed by a panel of experts. The panel concluded that:
Addiction, computer
See: Computer addiction.
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